Upper airway obstructive symptoms because of ectopic gastric mucosa in a newborn: a case report

Ectopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus presenting as a recurrent neck abscess: a case report

“…Progression to adenocarcinoma is exceptional, with very few cases reported in the literature [2]. The symptoms described at presentation are dysphagia [2], stridor and dyspnea [10], recurrent episodes of sore throat, neck pain, and bronchitis.…”

Hypopharyngeal Gastric Choristoma in an Infant Resulting in Airway Obstruction

“…1 Gastric choristomas were first reported in the cervical esophagus in 1805, as recounted by Daher et al 2 Subsequent reports [1][2][3] have identified GCs anywhere along the alimentary tract from the anterior tongue to the rectum; they are most commonly found in the esophagus, as well as in such variable locations as the face, mediastinum, abdomen, submandibular gland, umbilicus, and vitelline duct. These lesions can be cystic (referred to as enteric duplication cysts or enterocystomas) or solid (referred to as heterotopic or ectopic gastric mucosa or gastric heterotopia).…”

“…As the embryonic stomach descends into the abdomen, stratified columnar epithelium is replaced first by ciliated and then by stratified squamous epithelium that extends cranially and caudally from the middle of the esophagus. 2 Failure during this process can result in persistent heterotopic rests of gastric mucosa that vary from microscopic foci to grossly visible pink or salmon well-demarcated velvety patches or lesions. 2 This theory has been challenged by reports of choristomas containing mixed alimentary mucosa in the head and neck, as exemplified by the patient described by Edwards et al 4 who had a hypopharyngeal duplication cyst containing gastric and pancreatic mucosa.…”

“…2 Failure during this process can result in persistent heterotopic rests of gastric mucosa that vary from microscopic foci to grossly visible pink or salmon well-demarcated velvety patches or lesions. 2 This theory has been challenged by reports of choristomas containing mixed alimentary mucosa in the head and neck, as exemplified by the patient described by Edwards et al 4 who had a hypopharyngeal duplication cyst containing gastric and pancreatic mucosa. In 1952, Veeneklaas 5 proposed the theory of abnormal notochord development, which stated that, if the notochord remained adherent to the esophagus, the distracted part of the esophagus might separate and form a cyst or duplication.…”

“…Although never reported in the hypopharynx, GCs in other locations have been reported to cause ulceration, peptic stenosis, tracheobronchial fistula, spontaneous perforations, Helicobacter pylori colonization, cricopharyngeal spasm, chronic drainage and abscess formation, and fistulization. 2 Treatment of this congenital anomaly depends on symptoms, age, and location. Given the rare nature of hypopharyngeal GCs, treatment is not well defined.…”