AIM To review outcome measures used to evaluate hand function, with emphasis on manual capacity and performance, in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP), to describe the content and measurement properties of such measures, and to investigate the quality of the studies that have examined these properties.METHOD Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched. The COSMIN-criteria (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) were used to assess the quality of studies and the Terwee criteria were used to assess the result of the studies.RESULTS Five hand function measures were identified from 16 papers. The strongest level of evidence for aspects of validity and reliability was found for the Melbourne Assessment 2, assessing unimanual capacity, and for the questionnaire ABILHAND-Kids, assessing perceived manual ability in daily activities. However, evidence for the responsiveness of these measures is missing.
INTERPRETATIONFurther high-quality studies providing evidence for responsiveness, as well as for additional aspects of validity and reliability of the Melbourne Assessment 2 and the ABILHAND-Kids, are needed. Furthermore, there is a need to develop appropriate outcome measures evaluating how children with bilateral CP use their hands when handling objects in bimanual tasks.Outcome measures with sound measurement properties are crucial for appropriate planning and evaluation of interventions, as well as for the assessment of the development of children with chronic health conditions such as cerebral palsy (CP). The assessment of a child's development can be used to counsel families regarding prognostic factors, as well as informing about the child's strengths and limitations in the attribute measured and expected treatment outcomes. In addition, changes over time associated with service provision can be documented, to allow enhanced clinical decision-making and appropriate allocation of resources.
1The selection of appropriate outcome measures can be facilitated by systematic appraisal of the content and measurement properties of the instruments in question.2 An outcome measure used for evaluation should address the domain of concern, be valid and reliable in the population of interest, be responsive to change, and have good clinical utility.3 Recent reviews have confirmed that valid and reliable outcome measures exist to evaluate hand function in children with unilateral CP 4-8 and a few systematic reviews have summarized evidence on parent-reported measures of functional hand use, 9 assessment tools, and classification systems of the upper extremity in children with CP in general.10,11 For children with bilateral CP, however, there is little evidence on efficacy of interventions targeting their upper extremity function, 12 and this may in part be because of a lack of appropriate outcome measures. This is of concern because more than 60% of children with bilateral CP have decreased hand function.13 Thus, it is of the upmost importance to identify and appraise outcome ...