Upper limits to body size imposed by respiratory–structural trade-offs in Antarctic pycnogonids

Shishido, Caitlin M.; Moran, Amy L.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Arango, Claudia P.; Woods, H. Arthur

doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.1779

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…on a variety of prey types, ranging from benthic mollusks ( Limatula, Cuthona ) to planktonic mollusks ( Clione ), cnidarian medusae, and ctenophores. Together with previous field‐based reports of Antarctic Colossendeis consuming benthic cnidarians (Slattery & McClintock ) and limpets ( Nacella ; Shabica ), laboratory observations of consumption of polychaetes (Stout and Shabica ), and the capture of Colossendeis in carrion‐baited traps (Arnaud ), these data suggest that Antarctic Colossendeis are opportunistic predators or scavengers that consume a broad range of food types. They also consume a wide range of prey sizes (e.g., Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Predatory behavior of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Colossendeis) in nearshore environments

Moran

Woods

Shishido

et al. 2018

Invertebrate Biology

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Pycnogonids in the genus Colossendeis are found in the deep sea and Southern Ocean. Although the genus contains the largest and most conspicuous species of sea spiders, little is known about their ecology or behavior. We documented two species feeding on a variety of benthic and pelagic invertebrates during three diving field seasons at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Individuals of one species, Colossendeis megalonyx, fed on a variety of pelagic organisms, particularly the pteropod Clione antarctica. We used video to document rapid capture of individuals of C. antarctica by captive specimens of C. megalonyx in the laboratory, and we suggest that, at least in the nearshore environment, pelagic invertebrates are an important food source for this and potentially other pycnogonid species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Predatory behavior of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Colossendeis) in nearshore environments

Moran

Woods

Shishido

et al. 2018

Invertebrate Biology

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“…This mechanism has been suggested to be oxygen limitation (Chapelle & Peck, ; Pörtner, ; Verberk et al., ), and limits to oxygen provisioning are implicated in setting upper body size limits (e.g. Kaiser et al., ; Lane et al., ). However, other studies did not find evidence for size dependency of oxygen limitation (Harrison et al., ; Woods et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal limits in native and alien freshwater peracarid Crustacea: The role of habitat use and oxygen limitation

et al. 2018

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In order to predict which species can successfully cope with global warming and how other environmental stressors modulate their vulnerability to climate‐related environmental factors, an understanding of the ecophysiology underpinning thermal limits is essential for both conservation biology and invasion biology.Heat tolerance and the extent to which heat tolerance differed with oxygen availability were examined for four native and four alien freshwater peracarid crustacean species, with differences in habitat use across species. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Heat and lack of oxygen synergistically reduce survival of species; (2) patterns in heat tolerance and the modulation thereof by oxygen differ between alien and native species and between species with different habitat use; (3) small animals can better tolerate heat than large animals, and this difference is more pronounced under hypoxia.To assess heat tolerances under different oxygen levels, animal survival was monitored in experimental chambers in which the water temperature was ramped up (0.25°C min−1). Heat tolerance (CTmax) was scored as the cessation of all pleopod movement, and heating trials were performed under hypoxia (5 kPa oxygen), normoxia (20 kPa) and hyperoxia (60 kPa).Heat tolerance differed across species as did the extent by which heat tolerance was affected by oxygen conditions. Heat‐tolerant species, for example, Asellus aquaticus and Crangonyx pseudogracilis, showed little response to oxygen conditions in their CTmax, whereas the CTmax of heat‐sensitive species, for example, Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus fossarum, was more plastic, being increased by hyperoxia and reduced by hypoxia.In contrast to other studies on crustaceans, alien species were not more heat‐tolerant than native species. Instead, differences in heat tolerance were best explained by habitat use, with species from standing waters being heat tolerant and species from running waters being heat sensitive. In addition, larger animals displayed lower critical maximum temperature, but only under hypoxia. An analysis of data available in the literature on metabolic responses of the study species to temperature and oxygen conditions suggests that oxygen conformers and species whose oxygen demand rapidly increases with temperature (low activation energy) may be more heat sensitive.The alien species D. villosus appeared most susceptible to hypoxia and heat stress. This may explain why this species is very successful in colonizing new areas in littoral zones with rocky substrate which are well aerated due to continuous wave action generated by passing ships or prevailing winds. This species is less capable of spreading to other waters which are poorly oxygenated and where C. pseudogracilis is the more likely dominant alien species. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13050/suppinfo is available for this article.

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“…Larger-bodied species may be more susceptible to oxygen limitation because of their lower surface area to volume ratio, which (all else being equal) constrains their capacity to extract oxygen from their environment and deliver it to their metabolizing tissues [24,27,32], or because transport distances increase, which may be especially a problem if these are based on diffusion [28]. If oxygen limitation plays a role in setting thermal limits, one prediction would be that thermal limits vary across organisms with distinct capacities to supply oxygen, including differences between water and air-breathers, or between gas exchange systems across life-stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: A comparison between water-and air-breathers

Leiva

Calosi

Verberk

2019

Preprint

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16Global warming appears to favour smaller-bodied organisms, but whether larger species are also 17 more vulnerable to thermal extremes, as suggested for past mass-extinction events, is still an 18 open question. Here, we tested whether interspecific differences in thermal tolerance (heat and 19 cold) of ectotherm organisms are linked to differences in their body mass and genome size (as a 20 proxy for cell size). Since the vulnerability of larger, aquatic taxa to warming has been attributed 21 to the oxygen limitation hypothesis, we also assessed how body mass and genome size modulate 22 thermal tolerance in species with contrasting breathing modes, habitats and life-stages. A 23 database with the upper (CTmax) and lower (CTmin) critical thermal limits and their 24 methodological aspects was assembled comprising more than 500 species of ectotherms. Our 25 results demonstrate that thermal tolerance in ectotherms is dependent on body mass and genome 26 size and these relationships became especially evident in prolonged experimental trials where 27 energy efficiency gains importance. During long-term trials, CTmax was impaired in larger-28 bodied water-breathers, consistent with a role for oxygen limitation. Variation in CTmin was 29 mostly explained by the combined effects of body mass and genome size and it was enhanced in 30 larger-celled, air-breathing species during long-term trials, consistent with a role for 31 depolarization of cell membranes. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for 32 phylogeny and exposure duration. Especially when considering long-term trials, the observed 33 effects on thermal limits are more in line with the warming-induced reduction in body mass 34 observed during long-term rearing experiments. 36The capacity of organisms to take up and transform resources from their environment is a 37 key attribute governing growth, reproduction and subsequently affecting population dynamics, 38 community composition and ecosystem functioning [1,2]. Such capacity seems to be mainly 39 dictated by the species' body mass [3]. Macroecological and paleoecological data show spatial 40 (e.g. Bergmann's rule [4,5]) and temporal (Lilliput's effect [6]) variation in body mass, which 41 share a common point related to the environmental temperature: at warmer, tropical latitudes and 42 during the past mass extinctions, warming appears to select for smaller-bodied species [5,[7][8][9]. 43Body size reductions with warming appear to be stronger in aquatic taxa than in terrestrial taxa 44 [5]. In tandem with body size reductions, both aquatic and terrestrial species are shifting their 45 distribution towards cooler habitats and their phenology to earlier and hence, cooler conditions 46 [10,11]. One approach that has been taken to clarify the extent and variation in species 47 redistributions, and to determine which taxonomic groups are potentially more vulnerable to the 48 effects of climate change, is that of comparative studies that analyze thermal tolerance limits 49 (upper and lower) synthesized...

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Upper limits to body size imposed by respiratory–structural trade-offs in Antarctic pycnogonids

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Predatory behavior of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Colossendeis) in nearshore environments

Predatory behavior of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Colossendeis) in nearshore environments

Thermal limits in native and alien freshwater peracarid Crustacea: The role of habitat use and oxygen limitation

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: A comparison between water-and air-breathers

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