Upregulation in response to infection and antibacterial activity of oyster histone H4

Dorrington, Tarquin; Villamil, Luisa; Gomez‐Chiarri, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.09.006

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Antimicrobial H2B and H4 histones have also been isolated from another oyster species, C. virginica (7) (8). Similar to our observations, protein levels of H4 histone strongly increased in hemocyte lysates and extracellular hemolymph of C. virginica oysters infected with Perkinsus marinus (8). Therefore, accumulation of histones in oyster tissues could be a common response to infection and injury.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Together with oyster defensins (24), the H1-like histone is therefore one of the most potent antimicrobials of C. gigas described so far. No activity could be recorded against the oyster pathogen V. tasmaniensis LGP32, whereas the H2B and H4 histones from C. virginica were reported to be active against vibrios (7,8). This may be due to the intrinsic resistance of V. tasmaniensis LGP32 to antimicrobials (28) or to the low range of concentrations tested (0 -0.7 M).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Since 1942 (2), histones have been shown to display antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa (3). In Protostomia, antimicrobial histones have been isolated from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (4), the scallop Chlamys farreri (5), the abalone Haliotis discus discus (6), and recently the oyster Crassostrea virginica (7,8). However, the mechanisms facilitating histone release, which is a prerequisite for their antimicrobial activities on potential pathogens, has long remained unidentified.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Histones and DNA Traps in Invertebrate Immunity

Poirier

Schmitt

Rosa

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: How antimicrobial histones participate in invertebrate defense was still unclear. Results: Upon injury or infection, oyster immune cells release antimicrobial histones and extracellular DNA traps in a ROSdependent manner. Conclusion: DNA traps are involved in the defense of Lophotrochozoa. Their mechanistic bases are shared with vertebrates. Significance: This is a novel mechanism in the evolutionary conserved invertebrate immune arsenal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Histones and DNA Traps in Invertebrate Immunity

Poirier

Schmitt

Rosa

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Carbotype conversion most likely occurs in marine environments; however, the rationale for this remains nebulous. Despite competition studies demonstrating that encapsulated strains of V. vulnificus were better adapted than acapsular strains for survival in oysters and in oyster hemocytes (28,60), there is no indication that the type of capsule produced is important, and although many marine invertebrates are known to produce antibacterial compounds (7,19,26,48,59,62,67,71), it is generally accepted that they possess only an innate immune response (11,33). This, in theory, should not drive the need for carbotype conversion, since this would better benefit bacteria confronting an acquired immune response.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin-Induced Carbotype Conversion in Vibrio vulnificus

2011

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As an etiological agent of bacterial sepsis and wound infections, Vibrio vulnificus is unique among the Vibrionaceae. The most intensely studied of its virulence factors is the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Over 100 CPS types have been identified, yet little is known about the genetic mechanisms that drive such diversity. Chitin, the second-most-abundant polysaccharide in nature, is known to induce competence in Vibrio species. Here, we show that the frequency of chitin-induced transformation in V. vulnificus varies by strain and that (GlcNAc) 2 is the shortest chitin-derived polymer capable of inducing competence. Transformation frequencies (TFs) increased 8-fold when mixed-culture biofilms were exposed to a strain-specific lytic phage, suggesting that the lysis of dead cells during lytic infection increased the amount of extracellular DNA within the biofilm that was available for transfer. Furthermore, we show that V. vulnificus can undergo chitin-dependent carbotype conversion following the uptake and recombination of complete cps loci from exogenous genomic DNA (gDNA). The acquisition of a partial locus was also demonstrated when internal regions of homology between the endogenous and exogenous loci existed. This suggested that the same mechanism governing the transfer of complete cps loci also contributed to their evolution by generating novel combinations of CPS biosynthesis genes. Since no evidence that cps loci were preferentially acquired during natural transformation (random transposon-tagged DNA was readily taken up in chitin transformation assays) exists, the phenomenon of chitin-induced transformation likely plays an important but general role in the evolution of this genetically promiscuous genus.After 3.8 billion years of evolution (39), bacteria, whether commensal or pathogenic, have evolved numerous ways to cope with the sophisticated defensive strategies of the host's immune system. A simple but very effective strategy is the production and variation of surface polysaccharides that can alter proper host immune function (13,21). This type of antigenic variation is an important mechanism used by pathogenic microorganisms for escaping the neutralizing activities of antibodies and phagocytes. Antigenic variation may occur during the course of an infection, or an organism can exist in nature as multiple antigenic types (antigenic variety). The colonized host often provides the ideal selective environment for the emergence of new antigenic variants of bacteria, providing that the organism's other virulence determinants remain intact.Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium that is pathogenic to humans and animals (35). Its continued environmental persistence and transmission is bolstered by its ability to colonize shellfish and form biofilms on various marine biotic surfaces, such as plankton, algae, fish, and eels (4, 40, 42). Primary septicemia and wound infections can arise following the consumption or handling of contaminated food or water, and the fatality rate of septicemic patients is grea...

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“…Histones and histone-derived proteins have long been known as bactericides that form part of the immune defenses of many organisms, including vertebrates such as human (Hirsch, 1958) and fish (Nama et al, 2012), and invertebrates such as shrimp (Rosa and Barracco, 2010) and mollusks (Dorrington et al, 2011). However, for a long time, it was unclear exactly how histones were able to exercise their antimicrobial activity since these nuclear components would not usually be expected to directly encounter any microbes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DNA fibers of shrimp hemocyte extracellular traps are essential for the clearance of Escherichia coli

Chang

et al. 2015

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Upregulation in response to infection and antibacterial activity of oyster histone H4

Cited by 45 publications

References 55 publications

Antimicrobial Histones and DNA Traps in Invertebrate Immunity

Antimicrobial Histones and DNA Traps in Invertebrate Immunity

Chitin-Induced Carbotype Conversion in Vibrio vulnificus

The DNA fibers of shrimp hemocyte extracellular traps are essential for the clearance of Escherichia coli

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