“…The yeast is commonly isolated from natural environments such as oil fields, foods, sewagetreatment plants, and oil-contaminated sites [21]. Y. lipolytica can attach to large lipid droplets (due to its hydrophobic cell surfaces) and secrete both surfactants and emulsifiers [22,23]. Lipids are often encountered in the form of ester conjugates, mainly as TAGs, which must be broken down into their components (i.e., fatty acids and glycerol) by extracellular lipases to be incorporated into cells [23].…”