Uptake and elimination kinetics of triphenyltin hydroxide by two fish species

Tas, J. Wieke; Opperhuizen, Antoon; Seinen, Willem

doi:10.1080/02772249009357597

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Evidence of teratogenic effects from TBT and TPT, but not TCHT, has been reported (FAO/WHO, 1971). In fish they cause embryonic and larval mortality or malformations (Tas et al, 1990;Fent, 1991Fent, , 1992Meier, 1992, 1994), and the same effects have been observed on mammalian embryos (Nemec, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Toxicity of Organotin Compounds on Embryos of a Marine Invertebrate (Styela plicata;Tunicata)

Cima

Ballarin

Bressa

et al. 1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Toxicity of Organotin Compounds on Embryos of a Marine Invertebrate (Styela plicata;Tunicata)

Cima

Ballarin

Bressa

et al. 1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Adult fish are less sensitive to TPT than invertebrates, and the 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for mosquito fish was 400 g/L [15]. Tas et al [16] found that guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exposed to different concentrations of TPT in the water died when the TPT in the body reached 2.2 g/g fish. Early life stages of fish are more susceptible to TPT; e.g., the larvae of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) had a 96-h LC50 of 7.1 g/L for TPT hydroxide [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Kannan¹,

Lee²

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Triphenyltin (TPT) is a fungicide used on a variety of crops throughout the world. In this study, pecan orchards in central Georgia (USA) previously sprayed with commercial TPT hydroxide mixtures were found to have TPT concentrations of 8.5 to 37 g/g dry weight in foliage and 1.2 to 12 g/g dry weight in soil. Total phenyltin concentrations (monophenyltin [MPT] ϩ diphenyltin [DPT] ϩ TPT) in foliage and soils immediately after application were up to 72 and 26 g/g dry weight, respectively. Besides TPT, DPT and MPT were present in the leaves and soils, with MPT generally the predominant compound. The proportion of MPT to TPT in pecan leaves increased with time after spraying, which was indicative of photolytic degradation of TPT. Microbial degradation of radiolableled TPT in soil or sediment samples was slow, with only 5% degraded during a 14-d incubation period. Triphenyltin was absent from the subsurface soils (2 to 15 cm depth) even though it had been sprayed eight to 10 times a year at a rate of 850 g/ha for the past 10 years. In an orchard where the last spraying was carried out approx. 2 years ago, TPT was absent, but MPT was present at approximately the same concentration as recently sprayed orchards. Fish (blue gill, largemouth bass, and channel catfish) from a pond near a recently sprayed pecan orchard had TPT as well as DPT and MPT. The predominate phenyltin in all fish was MPT, with 22 g/g wet weight in the liver of catfish. Radiolabeled TPT was only slowly metabolized by the fathead minnow, with 2% of the TPT metabolized to DPT after 6 d of exposure via water. Photodegradation appears to be the major factor affecting the fate of TPT in soils.

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“…These compounds are directly introduced into aquatic systems via leaching from the antifouling paints and runoff from agricultural fields (12,14,22,34). Therefore, they have been detected in the biota, water, and sediments from both freshwater and marine areas, and their toxic effects have been observed on a variety of nontarget organisms, such as plankton (11,25), gastropods (7,19), and fish (15,20,35). These reports indicate the importance of clarifying the fate and behavior of organotins loaded into the aquatic environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Triphenyltin by a Fluorescent Pseudomonad

Inoue

Takimura

Fuse

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Triphenyltin (TPT)-degrading bacteria were screened by a simple technique using a post-column highperformance liquid chromatography using 3,3,4,7-tetrahydroxyflavone as a post-column reagent for determination of TPT and its metabolite, diphenyltin (DPT). An isolated strain, strain CNR15, was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis on the basis of its morphological and biochemical features. The incubation of strain CNR15 in a medium containing glycerol, succinate, and 130 M TPT resulted in the rapid degradation of TPT and the accumulation of approximately 40 M DPT as the only metabolite after 48 h. The culture supernatants of strain CNR15, grown with or without TPT, exhibited a TPT degradation activity, whereas the resting cells were not capable of degrading TPT. TPT was stoichiometrically degraded to DPT by the solid-phase extract of the culture supernatant, and benzene was detected as another degradation product. We found that the TPT degradation was catalyzed by low-molecular-mass substances (approximately 1,000 Da) in the extract, termed the TPT-degrading factor. The other fluorescent pseudomonads, P. chlororaphis ATCC 9446, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692, also showed TPT degradation activity similar to strain CNR15 in the solid-phase extracts of their culture supernatants. These results suggest that the extracellular low-molecular-mass substance that is universally produced by the fluorescent pseudomonad could function as a potent catalyst to cometabolite TPT in the environment.

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Uptake and elimination kinetics of triphenyltin hydroxide by two fish species

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Toxicity of Organotin Compounds on Embryos of a Marine Invertebrate (Styela plicata;Tunicata)

Toxicity of Organotin Compounds on Embryos of a Marine Invertebrate (Styela plicata;Tunicata)

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Degradation of Triphenyltin by a Fluorescent Pseudomonad

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