Uptake of pre-cervical cancer screening and associated factors among reproductive age women in Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017

Abstract

Background Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in low-resource countries like Ethiopia. Early screening for pre-cervical cancer is a key intervention in reduction of maternal deaths. We assessed uptake of pre-cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Debre Markos town in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 517 women of reproductive age. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. Kebeles (sub-districts) were selected by a simple random sampling technique.Data was entered using Epi Info and analyzed by SPSS. Variables in binary logistic regression with a P value < 0.2 were fitted to multivariable logistic regression. Significant variables were declared at 95% CI and an AOR of P value < 0.05. Results A total of 517 women were interviewed with100% response rate. Results revealed only 108 women (20.9%) [95% CI =17.6–24.6] had been screened for pre-cervical cancer. Participants ages 35–49 [AOR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.40, 7.39] informed by health professionals about cervical cancer [AOR = 6.65, 95% CI: 3.64, 12.15], positive attitude to screening [AOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.92, 7.61], visited health institution once or more in a year [AOR = 6.72, 95% CI: 2.40, 18.79], visited health institution once or more in two years [AOR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.39, 10.19], history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.07] and family history of cervical cancer [AOR = 4.95, 95%CI: 1.62,15.15] were significantly associated with pre-cervical cancer screening. Conclusion Uptake of pre-cervical cancer screening was found to be low among women of reproductive age. Age, attitude, informed by health provider, visiting health institution, history of sexually transmitted infections and family history of cervical cancer were found to be significantly associated with higher uptake of screening. To scale up currently limited uptake of pre-cervical cancer screening, community health education should be undertaken, leading to attitude change for young women.

Uptake of cervical cancer screening service and associated factors among age-eligible women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Six studies were included in this category of metaanalysis [23,24,30,31,33,34]. Women who have admitted having history of multiple sexual partners were 4.8 times (OR = 4.8, 95%CI:3.8, 7.7) more likely to undergo screening for cervical cancer as compared to those who did not have such history.…”

“…Seven studies were included in this category of metaanalysis [21,24,29,34,35,37,43]. The likelihood of up taking cervical cancer screening among women who get advice from health care providers were nearly 4.6 times (OR = 4.58, 95% CI:3.26,6.43) more likely to be screened for cancer of cervix as compared to women who did not get medical advice from health care providers.…”

“…Five studies were included in this category of metaanalysis [22,31,34,42]. The likelihood of screening for cervical cancer among women with favorable attitude towards cervical cancer and screening were 3.42 times (OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.88, 4.05) more likely to be screened for cervical cancer than women who had unfavorable attitude.…”

“…Forest plot of the subgroup analysis based on the year of studyPrevalence of regular cervical cancer screening uptake in EthiopiaConsequently, 19 studies[21,23,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44] were included in the final meta-analysis. A wideranging prevalence of cervical cancer screening uptake was observed across different studies included in this review.…”

Impact of knowledge and attitude on the utilization rate of cervical cancer screening tests among Ethiopian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Overall information regarding the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization was obtained from various regions of the country. Ten of the studies involved participants from the Amhara region [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], eleven from the Oromia region [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], nine from the SNNPR [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], four from Tigrai [65][66][67][68], eight from Addis Ababa [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76], one study involving participants from the Amhara, SNNPR and Afar regions [77], and another study involving participants countrywide [25]. Regarding sampling, all of the studies used the probability sampling technique ( Table 1).…”