Uptake, Translocation, and Adsorption of Pronamide

Abstract

Pronamide [3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] was most phytotoxic to oat (Avena sativaL.) when placed in the seed zone and to quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.), when placed in the rhizome zone. Inhibition of part of the buds by pronamide on detached quackgrass rhizome sections did not influence other buds. Foliar applications of pronamide were not phytotoxic to established oat or quackgrass. Foliar-applied14C-pronamide showed little uptake by quackgrass. Application to the roots of established plants showed rapid root uptake and movement to the foliage.14C-pronamide was rapidly absorbed by oat seedlings for the first 0.5 hr and subsequently at a much slower rate. Over 60% of the pronamide taken up after 1 hr was exchangeable. Pronamide was adsorbed to the cell walls of treated roots, but little was associated with nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, or soluble protein fractions. Pronamide was adsorbed to varying degrees depending on soil type. Adsorption was more highly correlated with soil organic matter content than with cation exchange capacity, clay content, or pH.

First Report of Pronamide-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua)

“…The majority of the absorbed radioactivity from [ 14 C]pronamide was translocated to shoots in both biotypes, similar to previous reports in common amaranth, oat (Avena sativa L.) quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould], and chicory (Carlson et al 1975;Mersie 1995 ; Table 3). However, the R biotype of annual bluegrass translocated 10% less of the total absorbed radioactivity as compared with the S biotype (70 vs. 80%).…”

“…The pronamide concentrations in soil were likely high enough to provide PRE control of the R biotype immediately after germination. Soil placement of pronamide is necessary to maximize efficacy, due to limited foliar uptake in mature weeds (Carlson et al 1975; Dow AgroSciences 2013). However, seedling annual bluegrass may absorb pronamide through treated soil in the coleoptile that could enhance efficacy for PRE control of biotypes with resistance to POST applications.…”

“…Experiments were conducted to evaluate root absorption and translocation of [ 14 C]pronamide in the suspected R biotype as compared with the S biotype from Georgia. Root uptake is necessary to control susceptible weeds with pronamide due to limited efficacy from foliar placements (Carlson et al 1975). The current pronamide label for turfgrass also states that irrigation is essential after treatments to facilitate root uptake for weed control (Dow AgroSciences 2013).…”

Absorption, translocation, and fate of propyzamide in witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

“…Quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) only absorbed small amounts of foliar-applied [''*C]propyzamide, whereas application to roots resulted in rapid root uptake and movement to foliage (Carlson et al, 1975a;Smith ef a/.. 1971).…”

Pronamide Applied to Sunflower Seeds for Orobanche cumana Control1

“…This herbicide can be applied preemergence and postemergence and is readily absorbed by plants through the root system, translocated upward, and distributed throughout the whole plant. Control of weeds with preemergence applications of pronamide in sunflower is influenced by soil characteristics (organic matter, clay content, and pH) (Carlson et al 1975). According to Kleifeld et al (1987), the limiting factor for effective control of nodding broomrape by pronamide seems to be its short-term persistence in wet, warm soil.…”