Uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity of imazapyr and glyphosate in <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> (L.) Raeuschel: effect of herbicide concentration, position of deposit and two methods of direct contact application

Townson, Jane K.; Butler, Ruth

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1990.tb01709.x

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Imazapyr absorption has not been extensively examined in other species. Most such studies have been conducted with perennial species, such as Imperata cylindrica (L) and Euphorbia esula (L) 15, 16. For these species, imazapyr absorption was faster and greater (70%, 48 HAT) than that observed with A squamatus in our study.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 43%

Herbicide resistance in Aster squamatus conferred by a less sensitive form of acetolactate synthase

Osuna¹,

Fischer

2003

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A biotype of Aster squamatus (Sprengel) Hieronymus with suspected resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide imazapyr was detected in a chicken farm in the province of Seville, Spain, which had been treated once a year with imazapyr for 10 years. Resistance to imazapyr in this biotype was studied using dose-response experiments, absorption and translocation assays, metabolism studies and ALS activity assays. The rate of imazapyr required to inhibit A squamatus growth by 50% (ED50) was 15 times higher for the R (resistant) than for the S (susceptible) biotype. Cross-resistance existed for the ALS-inhibitors imazamox, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, triasulfuron and tribenuron, but not for bensulfuron. Control of A squamatus using alternative herbicides was poor with clopyralid, intermediate with quinclorac, amitrole and MCPA, and excellent with 2,4-D, glufosinate and glyphosate. Absorption of [14C]imazapyr increased over time for both the R and S biotypes, and translocation from the treated leaf to shoots and roots was similar in both biotypes, with most of the radioactivity remaining in the treated leaf. No metabolites of imazapyr were detected in either biotype. Sensitivity of the ALS enzyme (target site) to imazapyr was lower for the R biotype (I50(R) = 4.28 x I50(S)). The mechanism of imazapyr resistance in this R biotype appears to be an altered ALS conferring decreased sensitivity to imazapyr at the whole-plant level.

show abstract

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 43%

Herbicide resistance in Aster squamatus conferred by a less sensitive form of acetolactate synthase

Osuna¹,

Fischer

2003

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2). The lower LD50 values observed when the total volume in contact with the plant was 10 jjil compared to c. 0-5 ml (c. 50% of the 1 ml initially applied that reached the plant) when it was sprayed, is consistent with the fact that higher absorption for a constant dose of glyphosate was recorded in concentrated than in diluted droplets (Townson & Butler, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The effect of soil heat treatment and microflora on the efficacy of glyphosate in seedlings

1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were less sensitive to glyphosate when grown in heat‐treated soil than in raw soil. Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. were not detected in heat‐treated loam or muck soils at the time of glyphosate treatment, although fungi of several other genera were present. The efficacy of glyphosate on wheat or beans grown in heat‐treated loam soil was restored when untreated aqueous soil extracts were added to the heat‐treated soil. Bean seedlings grown in five different soil types varied in their sensitivity to glyphosate. The variation in LD50 among autoclaved soils was lower than that among raw soils. Between 13‐ to 47‐fold more glyphosate was required to kill the bean seedlings in any of the autoclaved soils compared with their corresponding raw soils. This differential effect was not observed on bean seedlings sprayed with either 2, 4‐D or paraquat. LD50 values for glyphosate on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) seedlings growing in previously sterilized loam soil were reduced by inoculation of the soil with a representative Fusarium sp. or Pythium sp. obtained earlier from apple seedlings treated with glyphosate, but not by a Cylindrocarpon sp. from apple or Pythium ultimum Trow from glyphosate‐treated bean. The efficacy of glyphosate on bean, wheat or apple seedlings can be affected by changes in certain microbial components of the soil. Effet d'un traitement du sol a la chaleur et de la microflore sur l'efficacité du glyphosate sur plantules Des plantules de blé (Triticum aestivum L.) et de haricots (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ont été moins sensibles au glyphosate quand elles sont cultivées dans des sols traités par la chaleur que dans des sols bruts. Pythium spp et Fusarium spp. n'ont pas été détectés dans la terre traitée à la chaleur ou dans des sols fumés au moment de l'application du glyphosate, bien que des champignons de quelques autres genres aient été présents. L'efficacité du glyphosate sur blé et haricots cultivés en sol traité par la chaleur a été récupérée quand des extraits aqueux de sols non traités ont été additionnés au sol traité. Les plantules de haricots cultivés dans 5 types de sols ont varié dans leur sensibilité au glyphosate. La variation des DL50 pour les sols autoclavés était plus faible en comparaison de celle des sols bruts. Il a fallu de 13 à 47 fois plus de glyphosate pour détruire les plantules de haricot dans tous les sols autoclaves que dans les sols bruts correspondants. Cet effet différentiel n'a pas été observé chez les plantules de haricots traités avec du 2,4 D ou du paraquat. Les valeurs de DL50 pour le glyphosate sur des plantules de pommiers (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivées sur des sols avec de la terre précédemment stérilisée, ont été réduites par l'innoculation du sol avec un Fusarium sp. ou Pythium sp. obtenu plutôt à partir de plantules de pommier traitées au glyphosate, mais pas avec du Cylindrocarpon du pommier, ou un Pythium ultimum venant d'un haricot traité au glypho...

show abstract

“…For example, the octanol‐water partition coefficients are extremely low, 0.00001, with the corresponding epicuticular wax‐water values being even smaller 10. Nevertheless, investigations with the radiolabelled herbicide have shown that, if a high enough concentration of glyphosate is applied, then considerable amounts of the radiolabel are able to penetrate into leaves unaided 16, 30, 31. An example of this phenomenon is illustrated in Fig 5 for barley ( Hordeum vulgare L) leaves using the isopropylamine salt, which shows little uptake of [ 14 C]glyphosate over 24 h when applied at 0.4 g litre −1 but this rises gradually to 68% as the dose is increased to 5 g litre −1 4.…”

Section: Processes Involved In Transfer From Spray Tank To Site Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvants and glyphosate activity

Leaper

Holloway

2000

Pest Manag. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity of imazapyr and glyphosate in Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel: effect of herbicide concentration, position of deposit and two methods of direct contact application

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Herbicide resistance in Aster squamatus conferred by a less sensitive form of acetolactate synthase

Herbicide resistance in Aster squamatus conferred by a less sensitive form of acetolactate synthase

The effect of soil heat treatment and microflora on the efficacy of glyphosate in seedlings

Adjuvants and glyphosate activity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About