Upward expansion of distribution ranges of tree species: Contrasting results from two national parks in Western Carpathians

Gazda, Anna; Kościelniak, Piotr; Hardy, Mylène; Muter, Elżbieta; Kędra, Kamil; Bodziarczyk, Jan; Frączek, Magdalena; Chwistek, K.; Różański, Wojciech; Szwagrzyk, Jerzy

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.360

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…With respect to species responses to climate change along the elevation gradient, our simulation results showed an upslope spread of thermophilic, broadleaved species, particularly under the 'high impact' climate scenario. This is in line with an increasing number of observations under contemporary climate change that are reporting an upward expansion of the distribution ranges of trees (e.g., Boada 2003, Vitasse et al 2012), although species-specific responses can be complex and site-specific (e.g., Gazda et al 2019). Furthermore, palaeoecological studies show similar upward shifts of broadleaved species during periods with higher temperatures, e.g.…”

Section: Elevation-specific Magnitude Of Changesupporting

confidence: 78%

Climate change impacts across a large forest enterprise in the Northern Pre-Alps: dynamic forest modelling as a tool for decision support

Thrippleton

Lüscher²,

Bugmann

2020

Eur J Forest Res

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We thank Dominic Michel for support in all IT-related questions and the employees of the OAK Schwyz for conducting the measurements of forest structure in the field. David I. Forrester and the Experimental Forest Management (EFM) Project of the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL are gratefully acknowledged for providing data on the current stand structure of the site FW (Riemenstalden). Two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged for their thoughtful comments and helpful suggestions.

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Section: Elevation-specific Magnitude Of Changesupporting

confidence: 78%

Climate change impacts across a large forest enterprise in the Northern Pre-Alps: dynamic forest modelling as a tool for decision support

Thrippleton

Lüscher²,

Bugmann

2020

Eur J Forest Res

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“…The pollution effect was aggravated by the elevated concentrations of ozone in large parts of the Carpathian Mountains [138][139][140]142,143]. Despite reduced industrial emissions in the late 1990s, high levels of tree defoliation in forests in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary were observed for years [141,[144][145][146], most probably hindering regeneration and upward expansion (e.g., of silver fir; [147]) and con-tributing to Norway spruce dieback [148]. Improved emission regulations and technical developments enabled a significant decrease in pollutant loads on forests by the end of the 20th century.…”

Section: Recent Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carpathian Forests: Past and Recent Developments

Kholiavchuk,

Gurgiser,

Mayr

2023

Forests

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Forests of the Carpathians are of increasing research interest, as they cover a large area (>9 Mha) within European forests and are influenced by diverse environmental conditions and contrasting historical developments. We reviewed 251 papers dealing with Carpathian forests, their history, and future perspectives. Over 70% of articles and reviews appeared in the last ten years, and 80% refer to the Western and Eastern Carpathians, while the Serbian Carpathians remain a gap in this research field. Forest expansion and species changes have occurred since Holocene deglaciation, influenced by timber use, settlements, cropland development, and, since the Bronze Age, pasture activities. At higher elevations, early conifer successors have been increasingly replaced by Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), while oaks have been present in the Carpathian foothills throughout the whole of history. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Norway spruce afforestation was favored, and timber use peaked. Recent transitions from agriculture to forest land use have led to a further increase in forest cover (+1 to +14% in different countries), though past forest management practices and recent environmental changes have impaired forest vitality in many regions; climate warming already causes shifts in treelines and species distributions, and it triggers pest outbreaks and diseases and affects tree–water relations. The risk of forest damage is the highest in monodominant Norway spruce forests, which often experience dieback after cascade disturbances. European beech forests are more resilient unless affected by summer droughts. In the future, increasing dominance of broadleaves within Carpathian forests and forest management based on a mix of intensive management and ecological silviculture are expected. Maintenance and promotion of silver fir and mixed European beech forests should be encouraged with respect to forest stability, biodiversity, and economic sustainability. As supported by the Carpathian Convention and related institutions and initiatives, connectivity, management, and stakeholder cooperation across administrative borders will be crucial for the future adaptive potential of Carpathian forests.

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“…The explanation could be that the spruce seed is light, has a wing, and therefore is well dispersed by the wind and can fly several kilometres. Seed dispersal, after seed source and establishment, is the third most important factor limiting natural regeneration (Clark et al, 1999;Paluch et al, 2019;White and Halpern, 2019;Gazda et al, 2019).…”

Section: Natural Forest Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in wind-throw areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes

et al. 2020

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We investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems.

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Upward expansion of distribution ranges of tree species: Contrasting results from two national parks in Western Carpathians

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Climate change impacts across a large forest enterprise in the Northern Pre-Alps: dynamic forest modelling as a tool for decision support

Climate change impacts across a large forest enterprise in the Northern Pre-Alps: dynamic forest modelling as a tool for decision support

Carpathian Forests: Past and Recent Developments

Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in wind-throw areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes

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