Upward fire spread over textiles

Markstein, G.H.; Ris, J. De

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(73)80098-0

Cited by 80 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Equation (1) can be rewritten as (2) where the characteristic ignition time T for spread depends only on fuel properties, the ambient temperature and the level of the heat flux to the fuel from the flame. As a simplification for describing time-dependent spread, we assume that Eq.…”

Section: ;'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upward Turbulent Flame Spread

Saito¹,

Quintiere²,

Williams³

1986

Fire Saf. Sci.

126

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Mechanisms and rates of upward spread of turbulent flames along thermally thick vertical sheets are considered for both noncharring and charring fuels. By addressing the time dependence of the rate of mass loss of the burning face of a charring fuel, a linear integral equation of the Volterra type is derived for the spread rate. Measurements of spread rates, of flame heights and of surface temperature histories are reported for polymethylmethacrylate and for Douglas-fir particle board for flames initiated and supported by a line-source gas burner, with various -rates of heat release, located at the base of the fuel face. Sustained spread occurs for the synthetic polymer and not for the wood. Comparisons of measurements with theory aid in estimating characteristic parameters for the fuels.

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Section: ;'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upward Turbulent Flame Spread

Saito¹,

Quintiere²,

Williams³

1986

Fire Saf. Sci.

126

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“…This cannot be explained theoretically, but must be governed by heat losses and chemical kinetic effects as the surface temperature decreases. The flame spread correlations of figures 5a and 5b show this lower limit for 4,"F(t) from which a corresponding temperature can be computed from eqs (11) and (14), i.e.…”

Section: Opposed Flow Flame Spreadmentioning

confidence: 77%

“….7r (14) The function F(t) is the empirically determined counterpart to [I-exp(r)erfcV'i] of eqs (11) and (12). Since eqs (11) and (12) It should be mentioned that the wood shown here and all other samples were tested under laboratory temperature and humidity that remained fairly constant at 20 'C and 50% RH so that changes in results due to wide variations in moisture content have been minimized. Table I of Douglas fir particle board in a vertical These results might be explained in terms of kpc increasing with temperature and by overestimating the Ti, with then influences h in eq (15).…”

Section: I=f~q)= Bvt Tct*)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of flame spread theory to predict material performance

Quintiere¹

1988

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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A review is presented of recent work which attempts to apply flame spread theories to a wide range of materials. The approach is based on using the theories to develop correlations from material data. The data are derived from small scale tests and are expressed in terms of "properties." Various radiant heating apparatus are discussed, and a wide range of results are presented. The focus of the application is fire spread on walls.

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“…Moussa et al [9] and Markstein [10] observed different flame-spreading mechanisms for different textile materials and Miller et al have reported on the effects of constructional factors on the burning rates of textile structures and various blends [11,12]. Furthermore, flame spread is influenced by various clothing structural factors such as presence of belts, ties, cuffs and collars and tight fitting areas, since they act as fire stops.…”

Section: Flammability Hazard Of Clothing Textilesmentioning

confidence: 99%