Upwelling Systems of the World

Abstract

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Short commentary on marine productivity at Arctic shelf breaks: upwelling, advection and vertical mixing

“…Other mechanisms, such as dynamic uplift, are independent from wind and not discussed here, but see e.g. the book by Kämpf and Chapman (2016).…”

“…The divergence sets up a horizontal gradient in sea surface height that balances the Coriolis force, meaning that deeper waters are drawn towards the surface and/or onto the shelf (again, see e.g. Kämpf and Chapman, 2016).…”

“…Sect. 3.2 in Kämpf and Chapman, 2016). , assuming that the local bathymetry facilitates such upwelling, based on ERA-Interim data (Dee et al, 2011) for the region 79-81 • N, 5-30 • E. A daily wind speed was considered "potentially upwelling-favourable" if its (approximately easterly) along-shelf component exceeded 3 m s −1 for at least 3 consecutive days.…”

“…In fact, upwelling in certain coastal areas and at shelf breaks in many regions of the world ocean supports intense marine production and can sustain rich regional fisheries (see e.g. Kämpf and Chapman, 2016). Where upwelling occurs, it is often intimately linked to specific weather and climate patterns, such as storms (cyclones), or wind blowing from a preferential direction.…”

“…Where upwelling occurs, it is often intimately linked to specific weather and climate patterns, such as storms (cyclones), or wind blowing from a preferential direction. The basic concept is that the winds set up spatially varying surface transport or force surface water away from the coast, creating a divergence that draws up deeper waters which would otherwise be too heavy to be brought up by vertical mixing alone (Kämpf and Chapman, 2016).…”