Urarina Society, Cosmology, and History in Peruvian Amazonia

Dean, Bartholomew

doi:10.5744/florida/9780813033785.001.0001

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Fisher, for example, while emphasizing continuities between new and old forms of wealth, comments that the Xikrin are ‘straitjacketed into relationships with extractivists through the coercive use of credit’ (2000: 145). Dean writes of ‘involuntary servitude based on ... indebtedness to creditors’ (2009: 18), while Hugh‐Jones asserts that in the Vaupés area, modern cocaineros ‘continue to press merchandise onto unsuspecting Indians to create the debts which give the creditor exclusive rights to the coca‐leaves and labour of “his” Indians’ (1992: 54). Although deception and violence were often central features of earlier relations with labour bosses, neither coercion nor lack of alternatives are adequate for explaining why Urarina wilfully indebt themselves to outsiders today.…”

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Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

Walker

2012

Royal Anthropological Inst

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This article examines Amazonian Urarina engagements with the system of debt peonage in light of the conceptual and ontological premises of the traditional subsistence economy. It argues that to view debt as a mechanism for harnessing indigenous labour is inadequate for comprehending the wilfulness with which Urarina indebt themselves to outsiders today, which should instead be considered in terms of local theories of agency and an aversion to immediate, market‐style exchange. This relational and hierarchically distributed view of agency is further implicated in ideas surrounding industrial goods, which are ascribed to the Devil as their putative maker and owner, and who is seen as the source of their power over people in this life and the next. If this brand of commodity ‘fetishism’ expresses moral ambivalence towards capitalism, it also mediates otherwise contradictory forms of production and exchange, repudiating the possibility of total rupture between persons and things. Résumé L’auteur examine ici l’engagement des Unarina d’Amazonie dans un système de servage pour dettes, à la lumière des prémisses conceptuelles et ontologiques de l’économie de subsistance traditionnelle. Il avance que la vision de l’endettement comme d’un mécanisme visant à capturer la main‐d’œuvre indigène ne convient pas pour comprendre la bonne volonté avec laquelle les Unarina s’endettent aujourd’hui vis‐à‐vis de parfaits inconnus. Au lieu de cela, l’approche doit s’appuyer sur les théories locales de l’agent et sur l’aversion des Unarina envers les transactions non différées, de type marchand. Cette notion d’agency relationnelle, distribuée de façon hiérarchique, se retrouve dans les idées liées aux marchandises industrielles, dont le fabricant et le propriétaire supposé serait le Diable, considéré comme la source de leur pouvoir sur les gens dans cette vie et la vie future. Quoique ce mode de « fétichisme » des marchandises exprime une ambivalence morale à l’égard du capitalisme, il médie par ailleurs des formes de production et d’échange qui seraient sinon contradictoires, réfutant la possibilité d’une rupture totale entre les gens et les choses.

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“…4 4 A more detailed account of the history of Urarina participation in debt peonage is provided by Dean (2009). …”

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Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

Walker

2012

Royal Anthropological Inst

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“…In addition to Colloredo Mansfeld's ethnography of the production of Ecuadorian Kichwa community‐level political solidarities and schisms, see the studies of Dean (), Greene (), and Gustafson (), along with the collection edited by Fischer ().…”

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Forged Communities and Vulgar Citizens: Autonomy and its Límites in Semineoliberal Bolivia

Orta

2013

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

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R e s u m e nEste artículo examina el impacto de los procesos de descentralización política sobre comunidades indígenas del altiplano boliviano. Enfatizando la creación de nuevos municipios rurales, describo las maneras en que las nuevas concepciones y prácticas de la vida cívica impactan formas locales de producción social, las cuales hace años han entretejido las comunidades indígenas dentro de la nación y más allá de la misma. Examino estas experiencias del nuevo panorama administrativo para entender mejor la textura del espacio cívico y político bajo el neoliberalismo y su situación posterior. [Andes, Bolivia, colonialismo/poscolonialismo, comunidades indígenas, política] A b s t r a c tThis article examines the impact of processes of political decentralization upon rural indigenous communities of the Bolivian highlands. Focusing on the creation of new rural municipalities, it traces the ways in which new imaginings and institutions of national civic life engage local modes of social production that have long entangled indigenous communities and subjects within the nation and beyond. This work discusses what these experiences of this emerging administrative environment can tell us about the texture of civic and political space under neoliberalism and its aftermath. I am particularly interested in a curious synergy between neoliberal modes of governance and indigenous techniques of community reproduction. The result, in the case outlined here, has been a surprising rescaling of the indigenous social order that both enacts and confounds neoliberal imaginings of indigenousThe Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 108-133. ISSN 1935-4932, online ISSN 1935-4940. C 108J o u r n a l o f L a t i n A m e r i c a n a n d C a r i b b e a n A n t h r o p o l o g y

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“…The latter have been the most important source of secondary metabolites with countless applications in the fields of medicine, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, agrochemicals, and biology. 7 Some traditional examples include morphine (1), codeine (2), reserpine (3); the anticancer drugs vincristine (4), vinblastine (5), and paclitaxel (6); 8,9 the antilipidemic compound mevastatin (7, compactin) and the homologous lovastatin (8, mevinolin); 10 as well as the anticholinesterasic agent galanthamine (9), as shown in Figure 1. 11 The successful part played by natural products in the discovery of new medicines, especially with respect to cancer treatment, 9 demonstrates the great potential of screening natural products in the search for novel classes of bioactive compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of the importance of nature, particularly biodiversity, to humankind are the wooden ships of the Vikings inhabiting Scandinavia, the exquisitely sculptured houses built by the Maoris in New Zealand, the three-meter long blowguns of the ship-tribes from the Peruvian Amazon, and the adobe homes as well as the beautifully patterned carpets of the Navajos inhabiting deserted areas in North America. [1][2][3] Plant species produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that play an essential role in the survival of the species themselves as well as in the maintenance of environmental equilibrium. These natural products also perform very important functions in plant/plant and plant/insect interaction, resistance against pests and diseases, attraction of pollinators, and interaction with symbiotic microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical biodiversity: has it been a potential source of secondary metabolites useful for medicinal chemistry?

Valli¹,

Pivatto²,

Danuello³

et al. 2012

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 22/5/12; aceito em 19/7/12; publicado na web em 26/10/12The use of natural products has definitely been the most successful strategy in the discovery of novel medicines. Secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine organisms have found considerable use in the treatment of numerous diseases and have been considered lead molecules both in their natural form and as templates for medicinal chemistry. This paper seeks to show the great value of secondary metabolites and emphasize the rich chemical diversity of Brazilian biodiversity. This natural chemical library remains understudied, but can be a useful source of new secondary metabolites with potential application as templates for drug discovery.

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Urarina Society, Cosmology, and History in Peruvian Amazonia

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

Forged Communities and Vulgar Citizens: Autonomy and its Límites in Semineoliberal Bolivia

Tropical biodiversity: has it been a potential source of secondary metabolites useful for medicinal chemistry?

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