The evaluation theory system of human sustainable development is constructed based on Euclidean distance. The data of Shandong Province from 2012 to 2021 are selected for example verification. The range of sustainable development index (H) is [0.60,0.71], showing a gentle upward trend and a state of moderate and sustainable development. The evaluation results basically reflect the situation of human sustainable development in Shandong province, indicating that it is feasible to construct an evaluation method of human sustainable development based on Euclidean distance. The innovation and advantages of this method are as follows: first, it has a reliable methodology; Second, it avoids the influence of human factors; Third, the results are easy to understand and compare. The main reasons for the low level of sustainable human development in Shandong Province are Engel coefficient, labor force population ratio, unemployment rate and so on.