Urban Challenges to Psychiatry

Abstract

All reviews are prepared on invitation. Unsolicited reviews cannot be accepted. Opinions expressed are entirely those of the reviewers.

Fate of chlorothalonil in apple foliage and fruit

“…Consequently, the increased level of foliar [14C]ethephon found on the first day in the presence of chlorothalonil (Figure 4) may represent chlorothalonil-enhanced ethephon uptake. Edgerton and Hatch (1972) found that leaf uptake of [14C]ethephon was important to subsequent levels of [14C] ethephon in the fruit and to production of ethylene in fruit. Thus, chlorothalonil may enhance the fruit ripening response of ethephon by increasing foliar ethephon uptake.…”

“…Studies have recently demonstrated additional biological activities of this chemical in addition to its well-known fungicidal action. Thus, chlorothalonil can dramatically enhance the plant growth regulating action of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) resulting in more rapid apple fruit maturation expressed by such growth parameters as increased color and soluble solids and decreased pull force and fruit firmness in apples and cherries (Edgerton and Hatch, 1972;Holm and Edgerton, 1976). The present study is concerned with the possible translocation and degradation of chlorothalonil when used alone and in combination with ethephon on the fruit and foliage of apple, Malus domestica.…”

“…Extraction and Detection of [14C] Ethephon. Because ethephon is readily absorbed by apple leaves and fruit (Edgerton and Hatch, 1972), only total tissue levels of radioactivity were determined. Radioactive residue in surface rinses was not studied.…”

Terminal Residues of Organophosphorus Pesticides

“…The metabolism of ethephon [2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acidi was viewed last year (2o). Studies of the translocation and metabolism of C-ethephon showed rapid translocation from leaves to fruit in walnut (21 ) , apple and cherry (22) and olives (23), but reported no metabolism. The labelled residues aess than 3 of applied dose) of treated peach fruit, however, contained 7 unidentified C-compounds, one conjugated with a sugar (2'+).…”