Urban climate and adaptation strategies

Larsen, Larissa

doi:10.1890/150103

Cited by 98 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In support of mitigation plans, satellite imagery in the thermal infrared (TIR) can be used as a tool to identify thermal "hot spots" and "cold spots" and correlate the state of the thermal environment to land use composition [17][18][19][20]. "Hot spots" and "cold spots" are defined as areas which consistently demonstrate higher or lower land surface temperature (LST), respectively, as compared to their surrounding areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Thermal Hot and Cold Spots in Urban Areas in Support of Mitigation Plans to Counteract Overheating: Application for Athens

Mavrakou

Polydoros

Cartalis

et al. 2018

Climate

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Mitigation plans to counteract overheating in urban areas need to be based on a thorough knowledge of the state of the thermal environment, most importantly on the presence of areas which consistently demonstrate higher or lower urban land surface temperatures (hereinafter referred to as "hot spots" or "cold spots", respectively). The main objective of this research study is to develop a methodological approach for the recognition of thermal "hot spots" and "cold spots" in urban areas during summer; this is accomplished with (a) the combined use of high and medium spatial resolution satellite data (Landsat 8 and Terra-MODIS, respectively); (b) the downscaling of the Terra-MODIS satellite data so as to acquire spatial resolution similar to the Landsat one and at the same time take advantage of the high revisit time as compared to the respective one of Landsat (16 days); and (c) the application of a statistical clustering technique to recognize "hot spots" and "cold spots". The methodological approach was applied as a case study for the urban area of Athens, Greece for a summer period. Results demonstrated the capacity of the methodological approach to recognize "hot spots" and "cold spots", revealed a strong relationship between land use and "hot spots" and "cold spots", and showed that the average land surface temperature (LST) difference between the "hot spots" and "cold spots" can reach 9.1 • K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Thermal Hot and Cold Spots in Urban Areas in Support of Mitigation Plans to Counteract Overheating: Application for Athens

Mavrakou

Polydoros

Cartalis

et al. 2018

Climate

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“…Generally, heat management strategies fall into three categories: (1) utilizing green infrastructure to lower the ambient temperature [15][16][17][18]; (2) modifying urban form to improve ventilation potential and heat release [19,20]; (3) using advanced technology and materials to cool buildings and the environment [21]. Beyond that, mitigation efforts should consider land-use planning strategies within cities [22], especially in the early stage of the urban planning process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Urban Climate Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature in Wuhan, China

2017

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Facing urban warming, mitigation and adaptation strategies are not efficient enough to tackle excessive urban heat, especially at the local scale. The local climate zone (LCZ) classification scheme is employed to examine the diversity and complexity of the climate response within a city. This study suggests that zonal practice could be an efficient way to bridge the knowledge gap between climate research and urban planning. Urban surfaces classified by LCZ are designated as urban climate landscapes, which extends the LCZ concept to urban planning applications. Selecting Wuhan as a case study, we attempt to explore the climatic effect of landscape patterns. Thermal effects are compared across the urban climate landscapes, and the relationships between patch metrics and land surface temperature (LST) are quantified. Results indicate that climate landscape layout is a considerable factor impacting local urban climate. For Wuhan, 500 m is an optimal scale for exploring landscape pattern-temperature relationships. Temperature contrast between surrounding landscape patches has a major influence on LST. Generally, fragmental landscape patches contribute to heat release. For most climate landscape types, patch metrics also have a significant effect on thermal response. When three metrics are included as predictive variables, 53.3% of the heating intensity variation can be explained for the Large Lowrise landscape, while 57.4% of the cooling intensity variation can be explained for the Water landscape. Therefore, this article claims that land-based layout optimization strategy at local scale, which conforms to planning manner, should be taken into account in terms of heat management.

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“…In addition, in the artificial infrastructure, the air temperature recorded at 1.0–1.5 m above the substrata was higher than in the natural habitat despite similar wind speeds. It appears, therefore, that rip‐raps effectively maintains higher air temperatures than other neighboring areas, a pattern commonly observed within the urban environment (Larsen, ; Oke, ). In this context, in our study we observed that air temperature decreased at late evening (during sunset) in the natural boulder field, but maintained >1.5°C higher in the artificial habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…It appears, therefore, that rip-raps effectively maintains higher air temperatures than other neighboring areas, a pattern commonly observed within the urban environment (Larsen, 2015;Oke, 1988).…”

Section: Could Artificial Infrastructures Modify Coastal Microclimate?mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…city boundaries can help to develop specific mitigation strategies to cope with the urban "heat island" effects and its impact on local biodiversity (Kuttler, 2008;Larsen, 2015;Oke, 1989). Few attempts, however, have been made to determine the variation of temperature associated with urban coastal marine structures and their associated impacts on marine coastal community structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mapping microhabitat thermal patterns in artificial breakwaters: Alteration of intertidal biodiversity by higher rock temperature

Aguilera

Arias

Manzur

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Urbanization is altering community structure and functioning in marine ecosystems, but knowledge about the mechanisms driving loss of species diversity is still limited. Here, we examine rock thermal patterns in artificial breakwaters and test whether they have higher and spatially less variable rock temperature than natural adjacent habitats, which corresponds with lower biodiversity patterns. We estimated rock temperatures at mid‐high intertidal using infrared thermography during mid‐day in summer, in both artificial (Rip‐raps) and natural (boulder fields) habitats. We also conducted diurnal thermal surveys (every 4 hr) in four seasons at one study site. Concurrent sampling of air and seawater temperature, wind velocity, and topographic structure of habitats were considered to explore their influence on rock temperature. Rock temperature was in average 3.7°C higher in the artificial breakwater in two of the three study sites, while air temperature was about 1.5–4°C higher at this habitat at summer. Thermal patterns were more homogeneous across the artificial habitat. Lower species abundance and richness in the artificial breakwaters were associated with higher rock temperature. Mechanism underlying enhanced substrate temperature in the artificial structures seems related to their lower small‐scale spatial heterogeneity. Our study thus highlighted that higher rock temperature in artificial breakwaters can contribute to loss of biodiversity and that integrated artificial structures may alter coastal urban microclimates, a matter that should be considered in the spatial planning of urban coastal ecosystems.

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Urban climate and adaptation strategies

Cited by 98 publications

References 21 publications

Recognition of Thermal Hot and Cold Spots in Urban Areas in Support of Mitigation Plans to Counteract Overheating: Application for Athens

Recognition of Thermal Hot and Cold Spots in Urban Areas in Support of Mitigation Plans to Counteract Overheating: Application for Athens

Impact of Urban Climate Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature in Wuhan, China

Mapping microhabitat thermal patterns in artificial breakwaters: Alteration of intertidal biodiversity by higher rock temperature

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