Urban ecological security dynamic analysis based on an innovative emergy ecological footprint method

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Ecological Security in Beijing based on Emergetic Ecological Footprint

“…A modified emergetic ecological footprint model is proposed to evaluate the ecological security status in Beijing. The results show that Beijing is in the state of ecological deficit and sub-security all the year round, which is consistent with the previous results of Yang and Zhang [10,14]. In comparison, we increase the consideration of ecological occupation of water consumption, ecological carrying capacity of water resources and pollution absorption function, and the water resources security situation in Beijing is also that the consumption is greater than the carrying capacity all year round.…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the popular science education on environment protection and resource conservation in Shunyi, and increase the awareness of environmental protection and resource conservation of Shunyi citizens, so as to reduce the burden of environmental bearing pressure in Shunyi. [10] 9.12 9.13 8.79 8.47 8.05 7.03 Zhang [14] - [10] 6.77 5.86 5.97 5.47 --Zhang [14] 10.84 9.61 9.04 5.37 3.56 5.94…”

Spatial-temporal Evolution of Ecological Security in Beijing based on Emergetic Ecological Footprint

“…It is suggested to transfer high-tech industries to the surrounding administrative regions, attract talents, improve educational resource and realize population transfer adjustment, so as to alleviate the ecological pressure of the central urban area and ensure the sufficient and continuous supply of energy, water resources, agricultural products and resources. [9] 9.12 9.13 8.79 8.47 8.05 7.03 Zhang [13] - [9] 6.77 5.86 5.97 5.47 --Zhang [13] 10.84 9.61 9.04 5.37 3.56 5.94…”

“…The self-organization and order of natural ecosystem have reached a high level, so that the solar energy conversion rate, which convert different types of energy into unified solar energy value, and the regional energy density, which converts solar energy value into land area, are more stable, and their fluctuation with time is very small [9]. There are some studies using emergetic ecological footprint model to study different scales such as country [10], province [11], and city [12][13][14]. Smaller scales are rarely considered, such as the spatial distribution within cities.…”

How does multi‐agent govern corporate greenwashing? A stakeholder engagement perspective from “common” to “collaborative” governance

“…This paper refers to the environmental information disclosure index (EDI) (Kosajan et al, 2018; Zhang & Ma, 2021), and divides environmental behaviors into eight items (environmental protection investment expenditure or borrowing, environmental protection funding subsidies or reduction or exemption of incentive income, type and quantity of pollutants discharge compliance, whether to implement the past certification, environmental protection measures and improvement, policy impact, environmental management objectives, and other environmental‐related income and expenditure), distinguishes symbolic and substantive behaviors (There is only qualitative description in symbolic behaviors, but there must be quantitative description in substantive behaviors [Walker & Wan, 2012]) to comprehensively score greenwashing, and finally constructs greenwashing index as follows: Among them, represents the symbolic behavior among the eight items. If there is, it is recorded as 1; if not, it is recorded as 0.…”