Urban Form, Energy and the Environment: A Review of Issues, Evidence and Policy

Anderson, William; Kanaroglou, Pavlos; Miller, Eric J.

doi:10.1080/00420989650012095

Cited by 427 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

228

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Urban form can be considered as the spatial configuration of human activities (Anderson et al 1996) and a factor that shapes travel patterns because it provides the spatial context in which houses and firms are located (Hickman and Banister 2007). The jobs-housing balance is the level of heterogeneity among workers' residences and employment locations in a given area where a balanced mix of jobs and housing is perceived to be positive in that shorter trips are facilitated (Cervero 1989).…”

Section: Urban Form and The Spatial Relationship Between Jobs And Housesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on cities in Europe and the United States have demonstrated that travel behaviour is influenced by urban form. Based on these findings policies steering the shape of cities have been proposed to reduce urban transport emissions and limit congestion. Such policies can also be relevant for the rapidly growing and motorising Chinese cities. Yet, empirical evidence on the relationships between urban form and car usage is scarce for the specific Chinese context that is characterised by high densities, fast development and strong government steering. Using novel crowd-sourced datasets we study the impact of several urban form variables (city size, urban density, land-use mix, polycentricity and spatial clustering) on the cost of commuting expressed in time and distance. The results show that city size and spatial clustering are important determinants of commuting: large cities without clear clusters of businesses and other facilities have longer average commuting times and distances. Increased prosperity also adds to longer and lengthier commutes. Spatial planning measures that maintain or reinforce high-density clusters can help limiting commuting distance and time. Current sprawled urban development may have long-term, negative consequences for the accessibility and liveability of Chinese cities and could hamper their economic potential.

show abstract

Section: Urban Form and The Spatial Relationship Between Jobs And Housesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effect of SAWS infrastructure development on public services expenditure is evaluated with an econometric model that evaluates the influence of urban form on expenditures. Our concept of urban form, the spatial distribution of fixed elements of the built environment, follows the definition presented by Anderson et al (1996) modified slightly to focus attention on the relationship between the built environment and public service expenditure. Outputs of the econometric model are then used to develop spatially explicit revenue, expenditure and fiscal efficiency maps.…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure Development, Residential Growth and Impacts on Public Service Expenditure

Lieske

McLeod

Coupal

2015

Appl. Spatial Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper documents the use of geographic information science based planning support systems to evaluate the effects of infrastructure development on residential growth and resulting public service expenditure. The case example presented here investigates the impacts associated with a large water infrastructure development project. The effect of infrastructure on residential development is evaluated by comparing growth trends within areas of different levels of water supply and sewerage services. The effect of changing residential development patterns on public services expenditure is evaluated with a spatially explicit model linking urban form with revenues, expenditures and fiscally efficient areas of service provision for a delivery-based public service, police. Results confirm that the development of water infrastructure leads to residential growth and also indicate this growth in some locations leads to fiscally efficient provision of a public service. A primary recommendation from this research is that, in anticipation of growth, water planning should be comprehensive rather than single issue focused. Planning support systems are indicated to be useful tools supporting policy refinement for land-use and water planning.

show abstract

“…In the fi eld of urban planning, spatial confi guration of the city and its relationship with the urban environment has been the subject of empirical, theoretical and political studies (Anderson et al, 1996). Relevant studies have addressed the issue of optimal land use by minimizing energy consumption for journeys using 3D urban models (Suzuki 1993;Matsuhashi 1996).…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentric and radial cities can be regarded as special cases of the latter form. The nucleus of a city is usually a location with the maximum employment density and maximum number of journey endings (Anderson et al, 1996).…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Arrangements in Pursuit of Maximum GFA Under CO₂ Emission Constraint

Tang

Munemoto

Matsushita

2005

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper attempts to develop a management instrument for housing arrangements under given constraints regarding household annual CO 2 emissions (HACO 2 ). HACO 2 was defi ned as the sum of the life cycle CO 2 emission from house construction and operation (LCCO 2 ) and the CO 2 emission from commuting (CTCO 2 ). Under such an instrument rule, genetic algorithm (GA) was used to fi nd a housing arrangement scheme in pursuit of the maximum average gross fl oor area (GFA) in an urban area. Simulation tests were performed and compared on three traffi c modes: public-mode, self-mode, and mixed-mode. The results indicated that, 1) the closer the house was to the workplace (the nucleus of the city), the larger the GFA would be; 2) different traffic modes might lead to different patterns of housing arrangement; and 3) the self-mode had highenergy demand resulting in the lowest evaluation value, and was the least effi cient in obtaining better living conditions under the constraints.

show abstract

Urban Form, Energy and the Environment: A Review of Issues, Evidence and Policy

Cited by 427 publications

References 27 publications

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

Infrastructure Development, Residential Growth and Impacts on Public Service Expenditure

Housing Arrangements in Pursuit of Maximum GFA Under CO₂ Emission Constraint

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Urban Form, Energy and the Environment: A Review of Issues, Evidence and Policy

Cited by 427 publications

References 27 publications

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities

Infrastructure Development, Residential Growth and Impacts on Public Service Expenditure

Housing Arrangements in Pursuit of Maximum GFA Under CO2 Emission Constraint

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Housing Arrangements in Pursuit of Maximum GFA Under CO₂ Emission Constraint