Urban Gamification as a Source of Information for Spatial Data Analysis and Predictive Participatory Modelling of a City’s Development

Gamification of E-Participation: A Literature Review

“…Government involvement is nonetheless essential by nature in this research stream and hence some researchers often simulated a governmental presence on the gamified tools they were evaluating [20,74,75,76]. Nonetheless, governmental presence in research is still observed [4,8,9,11,38,53,68,71]. In fact, although such reports are rare, some of the research has led to actual policy implementations [69].…”

“…Urban planning [4,18,20,24,36,48,53,54,74,75,77] 11 Agenda setting [8, 9, 53, 55, 69, 75] 6 Crowd sensing [5,13,17,42,47,63,69,71,72,87] 10 Analysis [8, 9, Depending on their personality, users might react to idea-based competitive designs by cooperating more with each other on getting the best ideas to win the competition, fueling positive engagement, or they might still engage in negative competitive behavior amongst each other [64]. There is hence, at least a possibility for cooperative, group advancing behavior to emerge within the competition, making such ideabased competitive designs worthy of further refinement and investigation.…”

“…The majority of reviewed research does report on psychological outcomes from gamification in terms of experiences (or lack thereof) of gamefulness, motivation or enjoyment to name a few [4,8,9,20,22,23,35,39,62,63,64,74,75,76,77,78,87]. Nonetheless, research is observed to pay little attention to reporting the psychological outcomes of gamification [31,35,48,53,61,69,70,80] which is problematic as positive psychological experiences from gamification are a precursor for its success in terms of inducing a behavioral change [27] such as engagement with policy-making. Most of the conducted evaluations of research involving gamification implementations are quantitative (Table 3).…”

“…Notifications [17,20,53,64] 4 Goals, missions, todos, quests, tasks, challenges [8,9,17,22,23,34,53,54,57,64,69,70,71,72,74,75,76,77,78,80,86] 21 Feedback [17,71,72] 3…”

“…User profiles [8,9,20,22,47,62,64,70,74,75,76,77,78] 13 [8,9,11,20,22,31,34,35,38,39,53,62,63,64,68,69,70,71,72,74,77,78,87] 23 Mix [4,23,26,75,76,80] 6…”