Urban modification of heavy rainfall: a model case study for Bhubaneswar urban region

Swain, Madhusmita; Nadimpalli, Raghu; Das, Abhimanyu; Mohanty, U. C.; Niyogi, Dev

doi:10.1007/s43762-023-00080-3

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The close relationship between UHI, PBL heights and rainfall enhancement suggests that the thermodynamical effects are the main drivers for rainfall modification on the whole modeled timescale. Our results are in general agreement with several previous studies, which also highlighted the importance of thermodynamical effects of urban land-use on heavy rainfall in this region (Li et al 2017;Swain et al 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Lei et al (2008) accurately simulate the heavy rainfall rates of a particular storm case in Mumbai, and concluded about the important impact of urbanization on extremes. Swain et al (2023) recently showed that the urbanization could induce an intensification of rainfall in the Bhubaneshwar region, located in Northeastern India. Li et al (2017) also studied the projected impacts of LULC changes in the region, and found that an urbanization-increase scenario would lead to an increase in temperature and rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of urban land use on mean and heavy rainfall during the Indian Summer Monsoon

Falga¹,

Wang²

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Northern India has been subjected to an intense urbanization since the middle of the twentieth century. The impact of such a drastic land-use change on regional weather and climate remains to be assessed. In this work, we study the impact of the modification of land-use – from vegetation to urban – on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, as well as other meteorological variables. We use the regional meteorology model Meso-NH coupled with an urban module (the Town Energy Balance model) to perform month-long sensitivity simulations centered around Kolkata, the most urbanized area in Northeastern India. Paired simulations, one with and another without urban settings have been performed to identify the impacts related to urbanization through both thermodynamic and kinetic effects. We find that the perturbation induced by urban land-use enhances the mean rainfall over the model domain, principally by intensifying the convective activity through thermodynamical perturbation, leading to an increase of 14.4 % of the monthly mean rainfall. In addition, the modeling results demonstrate that not only does the urban area act in general as a rainfall enhancer, particularly during nighttime, but it also induces the generation of a specific storm in one modeled case that would not have formed in the absence of the urban area. This storm initiation over the city was done primarily by urban terrain’s disturbance of the near surface wind flow, leading to a surge of dynamically produced turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The thermal production of TKE over the nighttime urban boundary layer, on the other hand, serves as a contributing factor to the storm formation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of urban land use on mean and heavy rainfall during the Indian Summer Monsoon

Falga¹,

Wang²

2023

Preprint

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“…And then our results demonstrate the trend and mean values of shorterduration heavy precipitation (≤3 days) frequency and amount from 1990 to 2021 in the LTB and RTB urban catchments are both larger than that in the RRB catchments (Eff >0). This corresponds well with other studies that have reported urbanization intensified daily or sub-daily heavy precipitation metrics at both regional and national scales (Lin et al, 2020;Mou et al, 2022;Pimonsree et al, 2022;Song et al, 2021;Swain et al, 2023;Yan et al, 2020;Z. Yao & Huang, 2023;Yuan et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Recent studies have documented that heavy precipitation is significantly intensified in urban areas compared to rural areas, supported by statistical and model-based evidence (Chang et al, 2021;Doan et al, 2022;J. Huang et al, 2022;Mou et al, 2022;Pimonsree et al, 2022;Song et al, 2021;Swain et al, 2023;Yan et al, 2020;Z. Yao & Huang, 2023;Zhu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

How Does Heavy Precipitation of Varying Durations Respond to Urbanization in China?

Xie,

Lin,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Earth's Future

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Heavy precipitation, which is changing significantly as Earth's climate warms, can result in flooding that seriously damages societies. However, little is known about how heavy precipitation of varying durations responds to the diverse gradients of urban development in China. Through statistical analyses spanning from 1990 to 2021, we have examined shorter‐duration (≤3 days) and longer‐duration (>3 days) heavy precipitation across a spectrum of urban development, encompassing long‐term built‐up (LTB), recently built‐up (RTB), and rural background catchments within each urban agglomeration catchment (UAC) across China. We find that urbanization primarily influences shorter‐duration heavy precipitation, with a more pronounced effect observed in the LTB catchments. Conversely, the influence of urbanization on longer‐duration heavy precipitation appears to be more weakened in the RTB catchments. The intensification of shorter‐duration heavy precipitation induced by urbanization is more pronounced in humid regions and within larger UACs, while the urban effect on longer‐duration heavy precipitation is weaker in humid regions and within larger UACs. Notably, the attribution analysis results of the geographical detector model confirm our findings. Anthropogenic‐related factors (population density, nighttime light data, impervious surface percent, land surface temperature) significantly influence shorter‐duration heavy precipitation in more UACs than natural factors (distance from the coast, wind and elevation), while natural factors dominate longer‐duration events in larger UACs across China. Our results highlight the necessity of considering the spatial difference between the UAC center and UAC periphery for accurate projections and effective prevention of heavy precipitation and potential flood risks in the future.

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“…We build upon previous work by focusing on the regional scale meteorological impacts of heat mitigation technologies on a tropical urban environment (Khan, Akbari, et al., 2022). A majority of urban heat mitigation studies for the tropics have focused on the application of different strategies to improve the thermal balance of large and medium‐sized cities such as Singapore (Li & Norford, 2016; Mughal et al., 2019; Tan et al., 2015), Hong Kong (L. Chen & Ng, 2013; Cheng et al., 2010; Jim, 2015; Ng et al., 2012; Wong et al., 2013), Colombo (Emmanuel et al., 2007), Bhubaneswar (Swain et al., 2023), Mumbai (Dwivedi & Mohan, 2018), and Kolkata (Chatterjee et al., 2019). Despite the growing importance of urban climate mitigation research (Gonzalez et al., 2021; Khan, Akbari, et al., 2022; Krayenhoff et al., 2021), there exists a dearth of investigations focused on the impact of heat mitigation technologies on PBL dynamics in general and over tropical urban environments in particular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Meteorological Impacts of Surface and Rooftop Heat Mitigation Strategies Over a Tropical City

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Different heat mitigation technologies have been developed to improve the thermal environment in cities. However, the regional impacts of such technologies, especially in the context of a tropical city, remain unclear. The deployment of heat mitigation technologies at city‐scale can change the radiation balance, advective flow, and energy balance between urban areas and the overlying atmosphere. We used the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a physically based single‐layer urban canopy model to assess the impacts of five different heat mitigation technologies on surface energy balance, standard surface meteorological fields, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics for premonsoon typical hot summer days over a tropical coastal city in the month of April in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Results indicate that the regional impacts of cool materials (CMs), super‐cool broadband radiative coolers, green roofs (GRs), vegetation fraction change, and a combination of CMs and GRs (i.e., “Cool city (CC)”) on the lower atmosphere are different at diurnal scale. Results showed that super‐cool materials have the maximum potential of ambient temperature reduction of 1.6°C during peak hour (14:00 LT) compared to other technologies in the study. During the daytime hours, the PBL height was considerably lower than the reference scenario with no implementation of strategies by 700 m for super‐cool materials and 500 m for both CMs and CC cases; however, the green roofing system underwent nominal changes over the urban area. During the nighttime hours, the PBL height increased by CMs and the CC strategies compared to the reference scenario, but minimal changes were evident for super‐cool materials. The changes of temperature on the vertical profile of the heat mitigation implemented city reveal a stable PBL over the urban domain and a reduction of the vertical mixing associated with a pollution dome. This would lead to crossover phenomena above the PBL due to the decrease in vertical wind speed. Therefore, assessing the coupled regional impact of urban heat mitigation over the lower atmosphere at city‐scale is urgent for sustainable urban planning.

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Urban modification of heavy rainfall: a model case study for Bhubaneswar urban region

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Impact of urban land use on mean and heavy rainfall during the Indian Summer Monsoon

Impact of urban land use on mean and heavy rainfall during the Indian Summer Monsoon

How Does Heavy Precipitation of Varying Durations Respond to Urbanization in China?

Exploring the Meteorological Impacts of Surface and Rooftop Heat Mitigation Strategies Over a Tropical City

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