Urban Morphology Extractor: A spatial tool for characterizing urban morphology

Jhaldiyal, Alok; Gupta, Kshama; Gupta, P. K.; Thakur, Praveen K.; Kumar, Pramod

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2018.04.003

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although it is opposed to studying the operation of organisms and their components or physiology with respect to type, their separation is artificial due to the close and reciprocal relationship between the operation and structure of organisms. The morphology and primary structure of traditional cities are designed and used based on rider and car in contrast to conventional towns [32]. In this regard, the different definitions related to urban morphology were provided as follows by considering the different approaches existing about this issue.…”

Section: Urban Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activity and Public Health

Fathi

Sajadzadeh

Sheshkal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Along with environmental pollution, urban planning has been connected to public health. The research indicates that the quality of built environments plays an important role in reducing mental disorders and overall health. The structure and shape of the city are considered as one of the factors influencing happiness and health in urban communities and the type of the daily activities of citizens. The aim of this study was to promote physical activity in the main structure of the city via urban design in a way that the main form and morphology of the city can encourage citizens to move around and have physical activity within the city. Functional, physical, cultural-social, and perceptual-visual features are regarded as the most important and effective criteria in increasing physical activities in urban spaces, based on literature review. The environmental quality of urban spaces and their role in the physical activities of citizens in urban spaces were assessed by using the questionnaire tool and analytical network process (ANP) of structural equation modeling. Further, the space syntax method was utilized to evaluate the role of the spatial integration of urban spaces on improving physical activities. Based on the results, consideration of functional diversity, spatial flexibility and integration, security, and the aesthetic and visual quality of urban spaces plays an important role in improving the physical health of citizens in urban spaces. Further, more physical activities, including motivation for walking and the sense of public health and happiness, were observed in the streets having higher linkage and space syntax indexes with their surrounding texture.

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Section: Urban Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activity and Public Health

Fathi

Sajadzadeh

Sheshkal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Using the above data sources, the height of urban elements and the plan-area fraction of buildings (λ b ), floors of buildings (λ floors ), impervious ground surface (λ i ), vegetation (λ v ), and soil (λ s ) were calculated. An automated extraction of the H/W parameter is challenging, as a result of the high complexity of urban patterns; to this end, the consideration of linear traverses at different angles [58,59] and of local distance maxima [60] have been previously used. A new approach was followed here, employing the urban block unit and making use of standard GIS algorithms ( Figure 2): (a) buildings were first assigned to their respected urban blocks and the minimum convex containing the buildings of each block (i.e., the convex hull) was constructed; (b) then, buildings were attributed to their adjacent convex sides and a corresponding mean H for each side was computed; (c) road segments were formed as the centerlines between opposite convex sides (estimated using Voronoi diagrams); (d) H/W was finally computed as the ratio of the mean H adjacent to the road to twice the distance of the convex side to the centerline (road and sidewalk width).…”

Section: Urban Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new approach was followed here, employing the urban block unit and making use of standard GIS algorithms ( Figure 2): (a) buildings were first assigned to their respected urban blocks and the minimum convex containing the buildings of each block (i.e., the convex hull) was constructed; (b) then, buildings were attributed to their adjacent convex sides and a corresponding mean H for each side was computed; (c) road segments were formed as the centerlines between opposite convex sides (estimated using Voronoi diagrams); (d) H/W was finally computed as the ratio of the mean H adjacent to the road to twice the distance of the convex side to the centerline (road and sidewalk width). For open areas and irregular building arrangements, H/W was estimated using the spacing of buildings in the place of W. The frontal aspect ratio (λ f ) was calculated from the projected area of windward facets to the wind for different wind angles (per 15 • ) [59,61,62]. Surface thermal emissivity and surface reflectance were derived from [55]: (a) emissivity was estimated with a land cover-based approach using the above-mentioned 10-meter resolution classification and emissivity values from spectral libraries; (b) for surface reflectance, the Landsat 5 and 8 Surface Reflectance on-demand product was used, which was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Explorer portal.…”

Section: Urban Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Urban Form, Function, and Energy Fluxes in a Heat Exposure Indicator in View of Intra-Urban Heat Island Assessment and Climate Change Adaptation

Agathangelidis

Cartalis

Santamouris

2019

Climate

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Cities worldwide are getting warmer due to the combined effects of urban heat and climate change. To this end, local policy makers need to identify the most thermally vulnerable areas within cities. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme highlights local-scale variations; however, its classes, although highly valuable, are to a certain extent generalized in order to be universally applicable. High spatial resolution indicators have the potential to better reflect city-specific challenges; in this paper, the Urban Heat Exposure (UHeatEx) indicator is developed, integrating the physical processes that drive the urban heat island (UHI). In particular, the urban form is modeled using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques, and used to estimate the canyon aspect ratio and the storage heat flux. The Bowen ratio is calculated using the aerodynamic resistance methodology and downscaled remotely sensed surface temperatures. The anthropogenic heat flux is estimated via a synergy of top-down and bottom-up inventory approaches. UHeatEx is applied to the city of Athens, Greece; it is correlated to air temperature measurements and compared to the LCZs classification. The results reveal that UHeatEx has the capacity to better reflect the strong intra-urban variability of the thermal environment in Athens, and thus can be supportive for adaptation responses. High-resolution climate projections from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble for the region show that the adverse effects of the existing thermal inequity are expected to worsen in the coming decades.These four decisive parameters for the urban climate (H/W, β, ∆Q S , Q F ) are estimated in this work using meteorological, earth observation, and geographical information system (GIS) data; the Climate 2019, 7, 75 3 of 28 different variables are subsequently incorporated in the UHeatEx composite indicator via principal component analysis (PCA). An additional mapping of the study area using the LCZ scheme is applied, and similarities and differences between UHeatEx and LCZs are discussed. Both results are correlated with air temperature measurements from a network of automatic weather stations (AWSs) in the area under examination, for a six-year period (the warm period months). A qualitative and quantitative analysis examines the presence of thermal inequity in Athens and its relationship with socioeconomic characteristics. The growing importance of thermal indicators in sustainable urban planning, due to climate change, is demonstrated by presenting the simulated future conditions of the city. To this end, high-resolution climate projections from an ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs) were used.

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“…Although it is opposed with studying the operation of organisms and their components or physiology with respect to type, their separation is artificial due to close and reciprocal relationship between the operation and structure of organisms. The morphology and main structure of traditional cities are designed and used based on rider and car in contrast to traditional cities [32]. In this regard, the different definitions related to urban morphology were provided as follows by considering the different approaches existing about this issue.…”

Section: Urban Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activities and Public Health

Fathi¹,

Sajadzadeh²,

Sheshkal³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Along with environmental pollutions, urban planning has been connected to public health. The research indicates that the quality of built environments plays an important role in reducing mental disorders and overall health. The structure and shape of the city are considered as one of the factors influencing happiness and health in urban communities and the type of the daily activities of citizens. The aim of this study was to promote physical activity in the main structure of the city via urban design in a way that the main form and morphology of the city can encourage citizens to move around and have physical activity within the city. Functional, physical, cultural-social, and perceptual-visual features are regarded as the most important and effective criteria in increasing physical activities in urban spaces based on literature review. The environmental quality of urban spaces and their role in the physical activities of citizens in urban spaces were assessed by using the questionnaire tool and analytical network process (ANP) of structural equation modeling. Further, the space syntax method was utilized to evaluate the role of the spatial integration of urban spaces on improving physical activities. Based on the results, the consideration of functional diversity, spatial flexibility and integration, security, and the aesthetic and visual quality of urban spaces plays an important role in improving the physical health of citizens in urban spaces. Further, more physical activities, including motivation for walking and consequently, the sense of public health and happiness, were observed in the streets having higher linkage and space syntax indexes with their surrounding texture.

show abstract

Urban Morphology Extractor: A spatial tool for characterizing urban morphology

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activity and Public Health

The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activity and Public Health

Integrating Urban Form, Function, and Energy Fluxes in a Heat Exposure Indicator in View of Intra-Urban Heat Island Assessment and Climate Change Adaptation

The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activities and Public Health

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