Urban Resilience and Climate Change: Developing a Multidimensional Index to Adapt against Climate Change in the Iranian Capital City of Tehran

Abstract

Urban resilience studies have increased during recent years due to the significance of climate change as an alarming issue in centralized and highly populated cities where urban functionalities are disintegrated. Towards this aim, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was enrolled to streamline the urban resilience to climate change over the 22 districts in Tehran after assessing the resilience objectivity. Based on the results, the city coverage was classified into best (41%), moderate (15%), low (14%), and least resilient (30%). In addition, the urban municipal districts were classified into five functional zones including Wellbeing-wealth (WWZ), Ecological Conservation (ECZ), Core (CZ), Downtown (DZ), and Neutral Zone (NZ) after evaluating the concept of urban functionality in the resilience framework. The results indicated that the socio-cultural component is considered as the fundamental necessity, along with eco-environmental and economic components in capacity building to urban climate resilience. In fact, more than half of the Tehran coverage is regarded as resilient. Thus, the rest should be prioritized, despite the need to inspire from top-ranked districts, especially D4. However, downtown and neutral zones, especially D9 and D21, which account for up to 12% of the least resilient areas, should be evaluated seriously. Finally, the robustness of the proposed methodology was compared to the studies addressing the same concept, and we offer some preparatory and adaptive measures for urban planners and policymakers.

Research on Port Risk Assessment Based on Various Meteorological Disasters

“…Coastal urban regions are more vulnerable to diverse climate hazards, such as flooding, storm surges, and rising sea levels [34]. On the other hand, urban resilience to climate change has increasingly attracted attention as functional urban units and resources to adapt to climate risks are usually skewed towards metropolitans [35], where port cities occupy a high proportion. Thus, the study's emphasis on integrating preventive capabilities into risk assessment frameworks speaks volumes about the need for urban systems to adopt flexible and forward-thinking strategies in disaster risk management.…”

Evaluation of the Use of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement in Chile: Urban Infrastructure Solution for Adaptation and Mitigation against Climate Change

“…Within this framework, the scarcity of green areas in cities causes an increase in the probability of generating heat islands caused by the massive use of conventional paving, directly affecting urban climate change due to the waterproofing of soils [44,45]. Faced with the above, a permeable interlocking concrete paving system with the capacity to collect and store rainwater could be used to irrigate green areas, thus allowing the formation of ecosystems that contribute to the production of photosynthesis, thereby resulting in mitigation actions against climate change and, consequently, contributing to a reduction in the generation of greenhouse gases [46,47].…”

Urban Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies against Recurrent Climate Risks in Central Africa: Evidence from N’Djaména City (Chad)

“…On the other hand, floods and strong winds have a large number of negative impacts on urban social and community facilities, housing and the urban environment [14,[32][33][34]. In view of all the above, Bambara et al [35] and Wreford et al [36] consider it necessary for populations to adapt to climate change, as their survival depends on it.…”

“…In view of all the above, Bambara et al [35] and Wreford et al [36] consider it necessary for populations to adapt to climate change, as their survival depends on it. Thus, Jamali et al [32] believe that the question of individual adaptation should be focused on specific studies.…”

“…These results support and confirm the realities observed in Chad's urban territory, since according to the information contained in the third national communication [38], the housing and urban planning sector is under the sway of two main climatic threats, flooding and extremely high temperatures and heat waves, exposing habitats and populations alike. What is more, floods and strong winds have major and numerous negative impacts on collective urban social facilities and the urban living environment [14,32].…”