Urban-rural Location and the Risk of Dying in a Pedestrian-vehicle Collision

Mueller, Beth A.; Rivara, Frederick P.; Bergman, Abraham B.

doi:10.1097/00005373-198801000-00013

Cited by 81 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Our finding of higher pedestrian crash rates in urban compared with rural areas is consistent with previous studies 4 5 7 18 21. For example, Mueller and colleagues5 analyzed Washington State pedestrian crashes in 1981–1983 and reported that the rate per resident year in urban areas was 2.8 times that in rural areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

et al. 2008

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The rate of pedestrian crashes and injuries in small and mid-size urban areas was twice that in rural areas, whether based on resident years or miles walked. The high rate of pedestrian crashes in the large urban area based on resident years could be partly explained by the fact that residents in such areas walk about twice as much as residents in rural areas. The rate of fatal pedestrian injury based on miles walked was similar in the large urban area and rural areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For example, Mueller and colleagues5 analyzed Washington State pedestrian crashes in 1981–1983 and reported that the rate per resident year in urban areas was 2.8 times that in rural areas. Paulozzi6 reported that the fatal pedestrian injury rate per miles of vehicle travel in urban states was 1.5 times that in rural states in 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

et al. 2008

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“…Also, for paediatric occupant injury,36 the same direction of effect but an extreme effect size for male subjects (RR=11.58) was reported. On the other hand, for MVC injuries as pedestrians, there was inconsistency in the direction of effects across three studies (two studies46 50 in figure 4 and one study28 reported RR of 1.0–1.5 by age subgroup). Oliver and Kohen5 reported RR of 0.90 for MVC injuries as pedestrian- and cyclist-related combined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven studies4 5 19–21 24 27 34 37–39 used national-level data, and 30 studies were conducted at the local level (28 studies at the state or province level, two studies23 40 at municipal level). Rural/urban areas were classified by participants' residential area (31 studies), school areas,20 22 25 location of injury occurrence (on MVC injury28 33 36 41 and on firearm injury37 42) or location of hospitals (sport-related injury39). Definitions and categories of rural/urban areas varied across studies: the number of rural/urban categories included two categories (26 studies), three–five categories4 17 20 21 23 25–27 29 34 38 42–45 and 10 categories37 (King et al 43 applied two categories as well as four categories).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injuries from traffic collisions were examined in 13 studies,4 5 28 30 31 33 34 36 41 43 44 46 50 all of which were based on administrative health records with severe injuries (deaths or hospitalisations). All studies on overall MVC injuries or ones as occupants/passengers/pedal cyclists consistently demonstrated higher risk of injury for rural than urban children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in incidence of injury between rural and urban children in Canada and the USA: a systematic review

Kim¹,

Ozegovic²,

Voaklander

2012

Inj Prev

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Analysis of Surgical Participation in the Advanced Trauma Life Support Course

1992

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Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course records spanning 4 years were examined and American College of Surgeons members in Washington State surveyed to gain further information on ATLS course participants, skills utilization, and hospital credentialing. Thirty-seven (9.7%) of 382 course participants were trained general surgeons, 56 (14.7%) were surgical residents, and 12 (3.1%) were surgical specialists. One hundred thirty-six (35.6%) of the participants were primary care physicians and 115 (30.1%) were emergency physicians. Surgical residents, primary care physicians, and emergency physicians tended to be overrepresented in ATLS courses in comparison with their general distribution. Fully trained surgeons and surgical specialists were underrepresented. Course participants represented 3.8% of all physicians involved in patient care in the state. Only 6.4% of all active general surgeons in the state were participants, while 39% of active emergency physicians participated. The successful completion rate was 94% (98% for surgeons and 92% for nonsurgical physicians). Thirty-one percent of all American College of Surgeons survey respondents (31% of urban practitioners and 21% of rural practitioners) reported current ATLS qualification. Advanced Trauma Life Support qualification was reported by 31% of respondents as a requirement for taking trauma/emergency department call. Surgeons with a preference not to treat patients with trauma were less likely to have ATLS qualification. More than half of those who reported ATLS qualification had not performed a tracheal intubation, cricothyroidotomy, pericardiocentesis, or emergency department thoracotomy in the previous year. Participation of surgeons in ATLS courses is low, particularly among rural practitioners. Impetus for participation appears related to requirements for hospital staff credentialing and preferences for treating patients with trauma. Performance of procedures taught in the course is rare. Strategies to increase participation need to be formulated and implemented.

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Urban-rural Location and the Risk of Dying in a Pedestrian-vehicle Collision

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

Differences in incidence of injury between rural and urban children in Canada and the USA: a systematic review

Analysis of Surgical Participation in the Advanced Trauma Life Support Course

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