Urbanization, Rural Mobility, and New Class Relations in Darjeeling, India

Brown, Trent; Ganguly-Scrase, Ruchira; Scrase, Timothy J.

doi:10.1080/14672715.2016.1164392

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Urban middle classes in India might feel threatened in their access to social, cultural, and economic capital by the growing number of rural populations migrating into the city. While this led to a hostility of urban middle classes towards rural population elsewhere [31], in our case, this is reflected in the respondents' declared aim to prevent further migration into the city. According to them, farmers are supposed to remain in or return to their traditional occupation, in their traditional role.…”

Section: Tradition and The Middle Classmentioning

confidence: 68%

Middle Class, Tradition and the Desi-Realm—Discourses of Alternative Food Networks in Bengaluru, India

Erler

Dittrich

2020

Sustainability

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It has repeatedly been claimed that persistent traditional agriculture and marketing in countries of the Global South, such as India, are a fruitful basis for the foundation of alternative food networks (AFNs). However, literature on AFNs in the Global South is scarce and it thus remains uncertain how the appropriation of traditional agri-food practices plays out. We conducted semi-structured expert interviews with representatives of 14 AFNs in Bengaluru, India, in order to explore their aims and approaches. We found that there is a high variety of different AFNs in the city. One salient discourse among the representatives was that the agri-food system can be improved by a revitalization of tradition. In this paper, we discuss the implications of this conviction on representatives of AFNs. Traditionalism, we argue, does rather represent a deflection from achieving the stated goals of the AFN, namely the improvement of the livelihood of Indian farmers.

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Section: Tradition and The Middle Classmentioning

confidence: 68%

Middle Class, Tradition and the Desi-Realm—Discourses of Alternative Food Networks in Bengaluru, India

Erler

Dittrich

2020

Sustainability

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“…Despite these conditions, many families in Darjeeling opt to send their children to low-cost private (LCP) schools that charge a modest rate of tuition, perceiving this option to yield a higher quality, English education ( 25 ). The poor economic conditions in Darjeeling, in conjunction with the emphasis on education, has led to a recent flood of out-migration to urban centers among many young people in the region as a result of their rising social and educational aspirations ( 26 ). Prevalence rates of child mental health concerns in Darjeeling have not been published; in similar rural regions of West Bengal, however, pediatric mental health difficulties such as clinically elevated rates of anxiety, hyperactivity, and non-compliance are estimated to be at around 33.3% ( 27 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Mental Health and Academic Outcomes of Children Receiving Non-manualized, Transdiagnostic, Task-Shifted Mental Health Care From Their Teachers in a Low-and-Middle Income Country

Vanderburg

Dukpa²,

Rauniyar

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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A majority of children worldwide who face mental health difficulties, especially in low-and-middle income countries, remain undiagnosed and untreated. This deficit roots in part from a lack of trained professionals qualified to provide care. Task-shifting the provision of treatment to teachers, individuals with consistent access to children, can reduce the care gap. The current study investigated whether the implementation of a pilot trial of Tealeaf-Mansik Swastha (Teachers Leading the Frontlines—Mental Health; “Tealeaf”) was associated with improvements in child mental health and academic outcomes. Tealeaf is a transdiagnostic, non-manualized, task-shifting intervention in which teachers identify students in need of mental health care and then provide task-shifted care for them using an emerging, novel therapy modality, “education as mental health therapy” (Ed-MH). Pre-post standardized quantitative measures focused on child mental health status and academics. The measures were completed by multiple raters and compared to determine whether changes occurred. Results indicated that primary teacher raters observed significant improvements in child mental health symptoms overall, while secondary teacher raters and caregivers noted improvement for certain diagnostic categories. Caregivers observed on average a decreased impact of their children's mental health symptoms on their children's lives. Academically, math scores significantly improved while reading trended toward significance. Preliminary evidence overall supports the viability of Tealeaf and Ed-MH for positively impacting child mental health and academics. Future directions include the implementation of a formalized, randomized-controlled trial to strengthen preliminary outcomes.

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“…More than Tea -Environmental Decay, Administrative Isolation and the Struggle for Identity in Darjeeling Rural-urban migration has also led to tension between rural migrants and urban residents (Brown et al, 2016). One reason is the participation of rural migrants in local politics has empowered them to challenge the standing of urban residents.…”

Section: Spatial Planning and (Piece-meal) Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than Tea - Environmental Decay, Administrative Isolation and the Struggle for Identity in Darjeeling

Wang²,

Cheong³

2022

MJES

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The victim of both geographical, historical and administrative isolation, Darjeeling owed its growth to tea cultivation in the hills by migrants from neighbouring Nepal collectively called Gorkhas. Their contributions notwithstanding, they felt discriminated by West Bengal’s residents to whose state they were administratively attached. Poverty and poor working conditions, with no voice in the tea estates, and poorly maintained infrastructure that brought frequent landslides have fuelled demands for “Gorkhaland”, a homeland separate from West Bengal, where the distinctiveness of their identity and their role as Indian citizens would be fully recognised. It did not help that the Darjeeling district had been administratively detached from the political mainstream. Periodic agitations against the state government have weakened local institutions, disrupted the local economy impacting adversely tea production and tourism on which the local economy and the Gorkhas depend. The West Bengal government had partly recognised Gorkha demands by establishing the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council and the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration (GTA) each vested with limited autonomy. But disagreements on autonomy have left the Gorkhaland issue unresolved. In the meantime, Darjeeling continues to experience gradual decay, absent adequate support from the West Bengal government and from Darjeeling’s local government, including the GTA itself.

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Urbanization, Rural Mobility, and New Class Relations in Darjeeling, India

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Middle Class, Tradition and the Desi-Realm—Discourses of Alternative Food Networks in Bengaluru, India

Middle Class, Tradition and the Desi-Realm—Discourses of Alternative Food Networks in Bengaluru, India

Exploring Mental Health and Academic Outcomes of Children Receiving Non-manualized, Transdiagnostic, Task-Shifted Mental Health Care From Their Teachers in a Low-and-Middle Income Country

More than Tea - Environmental Decay, Administrative Isolation and the Struggle for Identity in Darjeeling

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