Urea supplementation in rumen and post-rumen for cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage

Oliveira, C. V. R.; Silva, Tadeu E; Batista, Erick Darlisson; Rennó, Luciana Navajás; Silva, Fabyano F.; Carvalho, Isabela Pena Carvalho de; Martín-Tereso, J.; Detmann, Edênio

doi:10.1017/s0007114520002251

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Steers supplemented with conventional urea (TP-U) had lower concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen in the rumen, and higher concentrations of urea present in the blood. Different results were found by [ 12 ], who reported that the highest concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen occurred when urea was supplied totally or partially in the rumen. According to [ 60 ], there are changes regarding the blood parameters linked to the species, leading to variations between breeds, as well as between the age groups of the animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…When evaluating the effect of urea infusion in the abomasum of cattle, the TP-PRU group had a lower pH average. In this line, [ 12 ], animals that received urea by direct infusion into the abomasum had lower pH averages, with one positive effect, as previously mentioned, by decreasing the permeability of the rumen and thus maintaining a more adequate nitrogen supply for microbial growth in the rumen. Ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies were carried out over time to better understand the nitrogen recycling process, with the displacement of the protein supply, from the rumen to the abomasum, and its real contribution to the metabolism of ruminants, obtaining positive results regarding the improvement in nitrogen use efficiency [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. These data indicate an advantage in shifting the nitrogen supply from the rumen to the abomasum/intestine, as it stimulates nitrogen recycling and prevents the deleterious effects of ammonia accumulation in the rumen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Post-Ruminal Urea Supplementation during the Seasonal Period on Performance and Rumen Microbiome of Rearing Grazing Nellore Cattle

Souza

Reis

Carvalho³

et al. 2022

Animals

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The objective was to evaluate the effects of urea with post-ruminal absorption in the supplementation of growing Nellore cattle reared on pasture during a seasonal period. For the study, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, rumen and blood parameters were evaluated using eight rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls with initial body weight (BW) of 763 ± 44 kg, distributed in a double Latin square 4 × 4. In experiment 2, 120 Nellore steers with initial BW of 380 ± 35 kg were used for performance evaluation, distributed in a randomized block design (blocking factor or initial BW). The evaluated treatments were 1: (TP-U) (control) = supplement with 24% crude protein (CP) containing urea as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN; 3%) and soybean meal, 2: (TP-PRU) = 24% CP supplement containing post-ruminal urea (PRU; 3.6%) and soybean meal; 3: (NPN-U-PRU) = 24% CP supplement containing urea + post-ruminal urea (U = 3% and PRU = 3.9%), without soybean meal; 4: (NPN-PRU) = supplement with 24% CP containing post-ruminal urea (7.5%), without soybean meal. The supplement was offered at 3 g/kg BW per animal, daily, once a day. All animals were kept on Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pasture. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS PROC MIXED, and the data were evaluated by the following contrasts: C1 = TP-U/TP-PRU vs. NPN-U-PRU/NPN-PRU (Soybean meal replacement by NPN); C2 = TP-U vs. TP-PRU (conventional urea vs. post-immune urea); C3 = NPN-U-PRU vs. NPN-PRU (low and high post-ruminal urea-PRU level). The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and NDF was lower when soybean meal was replaced by non-protein nitrogen, also being different between the levels of post-ruminal urea used in the supplement. Ruminal pH was different when soybean meal was replaced by NPN (p = 0.003). Total concentration of short-chain fatty acids, concentrations of isobutyrate (p = 0.003), valerate (p = 0.001), and isovalerate (p = 0.001) were different, and blood urea was different when soybean meal was replaced by NPN (p = 0.006). Simpson’s diversity index was higher in the rumen of animals supplemented with TP-U than in those supplemented with TP-PRU (p = 0.05). A total of 27 phyla, 234 families, and 488 genera were identified. Nitrospirota and Gemmatimonadota phyla were detected just in the rumen of steers supplemented with TP-PRU. The performance (final BW, weight gain and gain per area) of the animals was different, being higher (p = 0.04) in animals supplemented with soybean meal, compared to NPN. The removal of soybean meal from the supplement and its replacement with either conventional urea plus post-ruminal urea or only post-ruminal urea compromises the performance of the animals. The lower the post-ruminal urea inclusion level, the lower the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and NDF, when compared to animals supplemented with higher levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Post-Ruminal Urea Supplementation during the Seasonal Period on Performance and Rumen Microbiome of Rearing Grazing Nellore Cattle

Souza

Reis

Carvalho³

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…However, poor digestibility fodder grasses can be improved by adding urea supplements into an animal diet 65 . Some other studies also supported the fact that by addition of urea as a supplement can improve the digestibility of low quality forages 87 , 88 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Connecting nutritional facts with the traditional ranking of ethnobotanically used fodder grasses by local farmers in Central Punjab of Pakistan

Harun

Chaudhry

Shaheen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The local farmers of Central Punjab, Pakistan have been using indigenous grasses as vital components of ruminant diets, but little is reported about their nutritional potential. Hence this study investigated nutritive potential of a selection of ethnobotanically important fodder grasses. Multiple nutritional parameters (proximate components, fibre fractions), secondary metabolites (phenolics, tannins) and in vitro digestibility values were determined. Furthermore, the legitimacy of ethnobotanical knowledge of local inhabitants about these grasses was also verified. The results suggested that majority (77%) of these grasses can be regarded as good quality fodders because of their high protein (169 g/kg) and good digestibility (457 g/kg) with moderate fibre (≤ 602 g/kg), lignin (≤ 50 g/kg) and secondary metabolites (total phenols ≤ 87 g/kg, total tannins ≤ 78 g/kg, condensed tannins ≤ 61 g/kg). Pearson correlation between nutritional parameters indicated that in vitro digestibility values were positively correlated with crude proteins (IVDMD, r = + 0.83 and IVOMD, r = + 0.83 respectively) and negatively correlated with fibre (NDF, r = − 0.91), ADF, r = − 0.84 and ADL, r = − 0.82) contents. Moreover, a positive relationship was identified between ethnobotanical knowledge and laboratory findings for studied grasses. Spearman correlation test showed that ranking of grasses based on ethnobotanical preferences were highly correlated (r values) with the laboratory results for CP (0.85), NDF (− 0.76), ADF (− 0.72) and ADL (− 0.62). The resilient complementarities between ethnobotanical preferences and nutritive analysis authenticate farmer’s traditional knowledge, which needed to be aligned with the corresponding scientific data. Farmers can use these findings for appropriate fodder selection and development of precise supplements for feeding ruminants within a sustainable and economically viable livestock industry for food security.

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“…is meant that carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen increased, whereas urea had no effect on microbial growth [31]. e greater NH 3 -N content from urea decomposition and readily carbohydrate fermentation from fresh cassava root supplementation may have resulted in a beneficial effect on total VFA with urea addition, creating a better Veterinary Medicine International environment for ruminal development [32,33]. Similarly, Khattab et al [34] found that adding 0, 10, and 15 g/kg urea, while Supapong and Cherdthong [9] found that adding 10 and 20 g/kg urea considerably boosted total VFA synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Benefits of Adding Sulfur and Urea to a Concentrate Mixture on the Utilization of Feed, Rumen Fermentation, and Milk Production in Dairy Cows Supplemental Fresh Cassava Root

Sumadong

Cherdthong

2022

Veterinary Medicine International

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Fresh cassava roots that contain hydrocyanic acid (HCN) can be hazardous to animals when consumed. Prior literature has shown that adding sulfur may eliminate HCN without harming the health of animals. Additionally, adding urea is advised if sulfur was utilized since it helps with microbial protein synthesis. We thus proposed that supplementing the fresh cassava root diet with a high sulfur and urea in concentrate diet would be advantageous for rumen fermentation and milk production in animals. The purpose of this study was to see how high sulfur and urea levels in concentrate combinations affected feed utilization, rumen fermentation, and milk production in dairy cows fed diets including fresh cassava root. Four Holstein Friesian cows with 480 ± 50.0 kg BW, 10 ± 2 kg/head/day of milk yield, and 90 days in milk (DIM) were assigned at random in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Factor A was the concentration of sulfur in the concentrate diet at 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg dry matter (DM), while factor B was the concentration of urea in the concentrate diet at 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg DM. Fresh cassava root was given to each cow on a daily basis at a rate of 15 g DM/kg of BW. According to the findings, sulfur and urea had no interaction impact on feed intake, rumen fermentation, or milk production. Sulfur supplementation at 20 g/kg DM improved sulfur intake and digestibility of DM and organic matter much more than 10 g/kg sulfur. Additionally, sulfur supplementation at a dose of 20 g/kg DM in concentrate markedly increased blood and milk thiocyanate concentrations while lowering the somatic cell count. When compared to 10 g/kg DM urea, 20 g/kg DM urea significantly enhanced crude protein digestibility, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, blood urea nitrogen, and total volatile fatty acid concentration. Sulfur might detoxify hydrogen cyanide toxicity and be added at 20 g/kg DM in concentrate without harming the animals, whereas urea at 20 g/kg DM could increase feed digestion and rumen fermentation.

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Urea supplementation in rumen and post-rumen for cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of Post-Ruminal Urea Supplementation during the Seasonal Period on Performance and Rumen Microbiome of Rearing Grazing Nellore Cattle

Effects of Post-Ruminal Urea Supplementation during the Seasonal Period on Performance and Rumen Microbiome of Rearing Grazing Nellore Cattle

Connecting nutritional facts with the traditional ranking of ethnobotanically used fodder grasses by local farmers in Central Punjab of Pakistan

The Benefits of Adding Sulfur and Urea to a Concentrate Mixture on the Utilization of Feed, Rumen Fermentation, and Milk Production in Dairy Cows Supplemental Fresh Cassava Root

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