Ureaplasma Species Multiple Banded Antigen (MBA) Variation Is Associated with the Severity of Inflammation In vivo and In vitro in Human Placentae

Sweeney, Emma L.; Kallapur, Suhas G.; Meawad, Simone; Gisslen, Tate; Stephenson, Sally‐Anne; Jobe, Alan H.; Knox, Christine L.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00123

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These inflammatory responses seemed to be associated with the expression of MBA size variants in Ureaplasma spp. Recent studies have shown an inverse relationship between a higher number of MBA size variants in the amniotic fluid or placenta and severity of chorioamnionitis . To prevent eradication by maternal immune response, MBA size variation may also be a mechanism used by Ureaplasma spp …”

Section: Genital Ureaplasma Infection and Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding and treatment of intra‐amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp.

Tantengco

Yanagihara

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Considerable evidence has shown that intra-amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp. increases the risk of chorioamnionitis and preterm labor. Ureaplasma spp. are among the smallest organisms, and their isolation is uncommon in routine clinical practice because of their size and high auxotrophy. Although Ureaplasma spp. have been reported as causative agents of preterm birth, they also have a high incidence in vaginal swabs collected from healthy reproductive-age women; this has led to questions on the virulence of Ureaplasma spp. and to them being considered as harmless commensal bacteria. Therefore, many efforts have been made to clarify the pathogenicity of Ureaplasma spp. at the molecular level. Ureaplasma spp. are surrounded by lipoproteins, including multiple-banded antigen. Both multiple-banded antigen and its derivative, that is, the synthetic lipopeptide, UPM-1, induce an inflammatory response in a preterm mice model, which was adequate to cause preterm birth or stillbirth. In this review, we present an overview of the virulence mechanisms of Ureaplasma spp. and treatment of ureaplasma infection during pregnancy to prevent possible serious sequelae in infants. In addition, relevant mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in Ureaplasma spp. are discussed. Ureaplasma spp. are naturally resistant against β-lactam antibiotics because of the lack of a cell wall. Azithromycin is one of the effective agents that can control intrauterine ureaplasma infection. In fact, macrolide-and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of Ureaplasma spp. have already been observed in perinatal practice in Japan.

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Section: Genital Ureaplasma Infection and Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding and treatment of intra‐amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp.

Tantengco

Yanagihara

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…Gram‐positive bacteria (e.g., Listeria, GBS, and Ureaplasma species) are pathogens commonly associated with PTB . However, competency of certain bacteria to trigger PTB remains unclear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Listeria, GBS, and Ureaplasma species) are pathogens commonly associated with PTB. 5,6,[12][13][14][15] However, competency of certain bacteria to trigger PTB remains unclear. Although all experimental models of PTB have limitations compared to human pregnancy and parturition, mice represent the most common animal model of PTB.…”

Section: Activation Of Tlr2 By Pam2cys But Not Pam3cys Induces Ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ureaplasma species ( Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum ) are Gram‐positive bacteria commonly isolated from the female reproductive tract and in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women . However, the contribution of Ureaplasma species to PTB is somewhat controversial . Size variation of the surface‐exposed lipopeptides on Ureaplasma species has been proposed to affect its ability to interact with innate immune receptors and impact consequent potency of immune response .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the contribution of Ureaplasma species to PTB is somewhat controversial . Size variation of the surface‐exposed lipopeptides on Ureaplasma species has been proposed to affect its ability to interact with innate immune receptors and impact consequent potency of immune response . Hence, underlying causes of the propensity for certain Gram‐positive bacterial species to trigger PTB are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential outcomes of TLR2 engagement in inflammation-induced preterm birth

Cappelletti

Lawson

Chan

et al. 2017

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. Infection and inflammation are considered main causes of PTB. Among multiple pathogens, Gram‐positive bacteria are commonly linked with induction of PTB. Although activation of innate immune responses, via TLR2 engagement, by Gram‐positive bacteria is a likely cause, whether induction of PTB depends on the potency of specific microbial components to induce Toll‐like receptor (TLR)2‐driven inflammation has not been elucidated. Here, we show that TLR2 activation by synthetic lipopeptides, Pam2Cys, and Pam3Cys specifically, variably influenced inflammation and subsequent induction of PTB. Pam2Cys challenge, compared to Pam3Cys, induced PTB and promoted significantly higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, specifically IL‐6 and IFN‐β, both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, antibody‐mediated neutralization of IL‐6 or genetic deletion of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) was sufficient to protect from Pam2Cys‐driven PTB and to temper excessive proinflammatory cytokine production. Conversely, IFN‐β or IL‐6 was not sufficient to promote induction of PTB by Pam3Cys. In summary, our data implies a divergent function of TLR2‐activating lipopeptides in the magnitude and type of ligand‐driven inflammatory vigor in induction of PTB.

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Ureaplasma

Dando¹,

Sweeney²,

Knox³

2019

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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U.re.a.plas'ma. N.L. fem. n. urea urea; Gr. neut. n. plasma anything formed or molded, image, figure; N.L. neut. n. Ureaplasma urea form. Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Ureaplasma Bacteria in the genus Ureaplasma , pleomorphic, small (100–800 nm in diameter), primarily coccoid cells, devoid of a cell wall, surrounded by a trilaminar‐membrane structure. Coccobacillary and filamentous forms also occur. These bacteria form exceptionally tiny (<0.2 mm) colonies on solid media. Similar to the closely related genus Mycoplasma , ureaplasmas have small (0.75–1.01 Mb) A+T‐rich genomes, use the codon UGA to encode tryptophan, and are nutritionally fastidious. Unlike mycoplasmas they hydrolyze urea rather than glucose or arginine for ATP synthesis. DNA–DNA hybridizations, serotyping of phase‐variable surface‐exposed lipoproteins [the multiple‐banded antigen (MBA)], PCR, and sequencing of the multiple‐banded antigen gene ( mba ), 16S rRNA, and urease genes have defined the species and serovars for this genus. In nature, all species are commensals and/or opportunistic pathogens of vertebrate hosts. Based on the most recent comparative genome analyses, a consensus is emerging that strains associated with humans, the species Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum , undergo extensive horizontal gene transfer and may exist collectively as quasi‐species rather than as stable serovars in their native environment. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 25.4–31.9 (complete genome sequences). Type species : Ureaplasma urealyticum Shepard et al. 1974 AL emend. Robertson et al. 2002.

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Ureaplasma Species Multiple Banded Antigen (MBA) Variation Is Associated with the Severity of Inflammation In vivo and In vitro in Human Placentae

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Current understanding and treatment of intra‐amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp.

Current understanding and treatment of intra‐amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp.

Differential outcomes of TLR2 engagement in inflammation-induced preterm birth

Ureaplasma

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