Uremia: Strategies in the Search for Toxins

Whittier, Frederick C.; Diederich, D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3958-8_45

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We have chosen the fast system shown in Figure 1B, to obtain a more complete anionic serum proffle. Figure 2 (8) have shown that especially the group of tubularly secreted organic anions may be of importance in the etiology of uremic manifestations.…”

Section: Resufts and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various authors have pointed out the potential impor-tance of organic anions that normally are excreted into urine by a highly efficient (proximal) tubular secretory mechanism in the kidney (7)(8)(9). These solutes inhibit cell-membrane ion transport in various tissues (8, 10).…”

Section: Renal Function Tubular Secretion Anion Gap Uremic Toxins Hplc Compared Solvent Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultraviolet-absorbing organic anions in uremic serum separated by capillary zone electrophoresis, and quantification of hippuric acid

et al. 1990

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Organic anions accumulated in blood serum of patients with chronic renal failure were separated by a novel technique: closed-system capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in a pH6 carrier-electrolyte system. Hippuric acid (HA), p-hydroxyhippuric acid, and uric acid were identified by their co-elution with standards prepared in ultrafiltered normal serum and by comparison with the corresponding ultraviolet-detected peaks positively identified in the HPLC analyses. Analysis time for the entire profile is 8 min. Repeatabilities (CVs) of CZE migration times and peak areas of the three acids in serum samples were about 0.7% and 6%, respectively. We quantified HA in 10 ultrafiltered uremic serum samples and compared results with those by a previously described HPLC procedure. The very good agreement further supports the identification of hippuric acid. Accuracy and precision of the CZE method were similar to those for the HPLC gradient-elution method, but analysis time for HA (8 min) is much less than by HPLC (90 min). Our technique is very suitable for selective, rapid analysis for (ultraviolet-absorbing) anionic constituents in ultrafiltered uremic serum, without any sample pretreatment.

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Section: Resufts and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Renal Function Tubular Secretion Anion Gap Uremic Toxins Hplc Compared Solvent Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet-absorbing organic anions in uremic serum separated by capillary zone electrophoresis, and quantification of hippuric acid

et al. 1990

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“…Many drugs with carboxylic acid structure such as probenecid, penicillin, aspirin and chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides produce neurotoxicity (McKinney et al 1951;Desi et al 1962;Lorenzo and Spector 1973;Raskin and Fishman 1976;Grantham et al 1978). We have found that at toxic doses, the concentrations of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the rat brain are greatly increased (Elo andYlitalo 1977, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Distribution of three common chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides into the rat brain

1990

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The distribution of three common 14C-labelled chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4-D, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid or MCPA, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4,5-T) into the different brain areas was studied in rats pretreated with toxic doses of the herbicides (238-475 mg/kg). Also, their binding to proteins in rat plasma was determined in vitro by increasing the concentrations of chlorophenoxyacetic acids in the incubate from 0 to 1 mg/ml. Both 2,4-D and MCPA pretreatments increased brain concentrations of 14C-labelled herbicides more markedly than 2,4,5-T pretreatments did. No essential differences were found in the distribution between the different brain areas. Protein-unbound fractions of 2,4-D and MCPA in the plasma were clearly higher than those of 2,4,5-T but the highest herbicide concentration increased the protein-unbound fraction of 2,4,5-T more (7-13-fold) than of 2,4-D and MCPA (5-fold). The results suggest that the greater increase in the penetration into the brain of 2,4-D and MCPA than of 2,4,5-T during their intoxication is due to some factors other than the changes in their binding to plasma proteins and mere enhanced diffusion through the blood-brain barrier.

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Effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and quinolinic acid on 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid transport by the rabbit choroid plexus: Pharmacology and electron microscopic cytochemistry

Kim

Keizer

Ambrose

et al. 1987

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Uremia: Strategies in the Search for Toxins

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Ultraviolet-absorbing organic anions in uremic serum separated by capillary zone electrophoresis, and quantification of hippuric acid

Ultraviolet-absorbing organic anions in uremic serum separated by capillary zone electrophoresis, and quantification of hippuric acid

Distribution of three common chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides into the rat brain

Effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and quinolinic acid on 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid transport by the rabbit choroid plexus: Pharmacology and electron microscopic cytochemistry

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