Urethral dysfunction due to alloxan-induced diabetes. Urodynamic and morphological evaluation

Abstract

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of short and long term alloxan-induced diabetes on bladder and urethral function of female rats, and also describing its correlated morphological alterations. METHODS:Thirty five female rats were divided into three groups: G1 (n=9), control group; G2 (n=17), six weeks alloxan-induced diabetic rats; G3 (n=9), 20 weeks alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Functional evaluation was performed by cystometry and simultaneous measurements of the urethral pressure during bladder filling and voiding. Morphological evaluation was also performed with measurement of bladder and urethral fibrosis and collagen content and thickness of lamina propria and smooth muscle layers. RESULTS:The peak bladder pressures and contraction amplitudes were decreased in 100% and 47% of the G3 and G2 groups respectively, when compared to control. Bladder overactivity was observed in 53% of the G2 group. CONCLUSION:Alloxan-induced diabetes urethropathty in female rat was associated to bladder morphological alterations as higher thicknesses of it lamina propria, detrusor and adventicea.

A systematic review of urinary bladder hypertrophy in experimental diabetes: Part 2. Comparison of animal models and functional consequences

“…Acute surgically‐induced vesical denervation markedly increased BC and compliance in control and diabetic animals. A follow‐up study performed by the same group at 6 and 20 weeks after alloxan injection found no difference between control and diabetic animals for BC, voiding frequency or maximum pressure . Thus, except for the latter study, experiments in STZ‐injected mice and alloxan‐injected rats exhibited a similar cystometric profile as STZ‐injected rats.…”

“…On the other hand, the two studies on alloxan‐injected rabbits also reported a modest degree of hypertrophy only based on BW (127‐133% of control) . Another possible difference is that there was little further bladder enlargement beyond week 1 in the rat STZ model, whereas one study in alloxan‐injected rats reported a bladder wall thickness of 553 μm in control and 655 μm in diabetic animals after 6 weeks, which increased further to 899 μm after 20 weeks . Therefore, the alloxan model confirms the existence of bladder hypertrophy in T1DM models but despite a similar extent of blood glucose elevation appears to cause less hypertrophy than injection of STZ.…”

“…While alloxan‐induced diabetes was also associated with bladder hypertrophy in rats and rabbits (Figure , Supplementary Table S1), there may be differences as compared to the STZ model. Thus, two studies with alloxan‐injected rats reported a BW of 187‐196% of control, whereas two later studies observed little hypertrophy (92‐118% of control) . Interpretation of these differences is complicated by the fact that the latter two studies have not reported on BW but on total bladder thickness.…”

“…Thus, two studies with alloxan-injected rats reported a BW of 187-196% of control, 9,10 whereas two later studies observed little hypertrophy (92-118% of control). 11,12 Interpretation of these differences is complicated by the fact that the latter two studies have not reported on BW but on total bladder thickness. On the other hand, the two studies on alloxaninjected rabbits also reported a modest degree of hypertrophy only based on BW (127-133% of control).…”

Time-Dependent Changes of Urethral Function in Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

“…Previous studies reported that the morphology of the urethra can also be altered in DM. For example, the urethras from 6 weeks and 20 weeks in alloxan-induced diabetic rats had greater values of total thickness than did the control rats whereas the urethra from 6- and 20-week DM rats had reduced thickness of the urothelium of the urethra [30]. In 6- and 20-week STZ-induced DM rats, the morphological images revealed that the striated muscle bundles in 20-week diabetic rats were atrophied compared with those of controls although no obvious changes were observed in the thickness of EUS of 6-week diabetic rats compared with controls (Fig.…”