Uric acid and cardiovascular risk: What genes can say

Abstract

Summmary Background Although the relationship of elevated serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular disease has been established in a great number of studies, the causal relevance of this finding remains ambiguous. An approach to evaluate the causal relevance of biomarkers is to exploit the natural randomised allocation of allelic variation in genes affecting their level, also known as Mendelian randomisation. Aim The aim of this paper is to review the current literature regarding serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular and renal disease risk in Mendelian randomisation studies. Methods PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to retrieve Mendelian studies regarding uric acid, hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular risk. Conclusions Genetic evidence based on conventional and novel Mendelian randomisation approaches suggest a modest, if any, causal effect of serum uric acid concentration on the development of cardiovascular disease, suggesting that further study of uric acid genes is needed in order to elucidate the relationship of serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular disease.

Influence of Genetic and Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Serum Uric Acid Levels and Hyperuricemia in Mexicans

“…Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease [2,4,67]; however, the findings of other studies are inconsistent [22], and in our study with data from the HWSC, we only observed an association among women. A meta-analysis reported a more pronounced increased risk for CHD mortality in women [67].…”

“…Hyperuricemia is necessary for the development of gout and is associated with chronic diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes [1,2,3,4,5]. Globally, the prevalence of hyperuricemia is estimated to be 2.0–32.1%, and it is higher in men than in women [6,7,8,9].…”

Serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies of over a million participants

“…The atherogenic effects of UA include induction of oxidative stress in cells, which reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide - associated with the activity of platelets and endothelial cells and the differentiation of smooth muscle cells in the vascular system. On the other hand, UA can also have antioxidant properties that can prevent atherosclerosis and improve endothelial function [8].…”

Microneedle array sensors based on carbon nanoparticle composites: interfacial chemistry and electroanalytical properties

“…The electroanalytical performance of the MN system was evaluated through examining the response to uric acid. The latter is a common biomarker in a range of clinical conditions, such as hypertension [22], kidney function [23], stroke [24] and cardiovascular disease [25,26]. It is little surprise therefore that there is an extensive literature base on its electrochemical detection and, with continuing advances in 2D carbon nanomaterials and other catalytic particles, continues to hold the interest of the diagnostics [27][28][29][30][31].…”