Uric acid and life on earth

Barsoum, Rashad S.; El-Khatib, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.06.001

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Allopurinol is an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor that blocks UA production ( Kim et al, 2015 ), while benzbromarone is a uricosuric agent that promotes UA excretion ( Kunishima et al, 2007 ). It is well known that the gut microbiome could be partially responsible for converting xanthine into UA ( Barsoum and El-Khatib, 2017 ) and excreting 1/3 of the UA into intestinal tract ( Sorensen and Levinson, 1975 ). Therefore, the gut microbiome is likely altered in response to alterations in UA metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the Gut Microbiome Associated With the Treatment of Hyperuricaemia in Male Rats

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

103

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Hyperuricaemia is an important risk factor for many diseases including gout, hypertension, and type II diabetes. The gut microbiota is associated with hyperuricaemia and has also been demonstrated to play significant roles in the effects of drug therapy. This study used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to explore alterations of the gut microbiome associated with allopurinol and benzbromarone treatment in the male rat with hyperuricaemia. After drug treatment, both allopurinol and benzbromarone caused an increase of the genera Bifidobacterium and Collinsella and a decrease of the genera Adlercreutzia and Anaerostipes. In addition, allopurinol and benzbromarone caused respective unique changes in genera. The genera Bilophila, Morganella, and Desulfovibrio specifically decreased due to allopurinol treatment. Decreased Butyricimonas and Ruminococcus and increased Proteus were caused by benzbromarone treatment. The PICRUST analysis indicated that allopurinol renovated the disorder of nucleotide metabolism and benzbromarone renovated the disorder of lipid metabolism in the gut microbiota of male rats with hyperuricaemia. These findings demonstrated that the gut microbiota may be altered by the treatment of hyperuricaemia with allopurinol and benzbromarone in male rats. Such alterations of the gut microbiota could be considered as indicators of the effectiveness of drug therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the Gut Microbiome Associated With the Treatment of Hyperuricaemia in Male Rats

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

103

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“…Different from mammals, in birds, uric acid, the main end-product of protein and purine metabolism, is excreted via faeces. It is relatively less toxic in comparison to ammonia and urea (Barsoum and El-Khatib, 2017). The results showed sex did not affect (P>0.05) the concentration of serum uric (1.45 mg/dL in males vs. 1.43 mg/dL in females).…”

Section: Biochemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 84%

Serum biochemical properties of Vietnamese indigenous Noi chicken at 56 days old

et al. 2020

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Serum profile is generally considered as comprehensive data which directly reflected animal health and their potential resistance to environmental, nutritional and pathological stress. The present study aimed to provide physiological reference values for selected biochemical parameters in Noi chickens, a famous Vietnamese native breed, at 56 days old. The collected blood samples of 355 Noi birds (164 males and 191 females) were used to evaluate biochemical serum profile. Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid in the serum were measured. The variation in these values arising from different sexes was also investigated. The results indicated that there were no differences (P>0.05) in the assessed indices between male and female Noi chickens. In overall for the whole group, these values were obtained as 250.86 mg/dL, 7.34 g/dL, 3.40 g/dL, 3.94 g/dL, 1.75, 148.54 mg/dL, 190.86 mg/dL, 0.44 mg/dL, and 1.44 mg/dL, respectively. The relationship among the biochemical parameters showed relatively low coefficients (r=0.79 in maximum). The females obtained higher correlation coefficients between levels of total protein and glucose (r=0.42) as well as between total protein and globulin (r=0.79), compared to the males. It was concluded that the male and female chickens performed similar values of serum indices. The contribution of this study might expand the knowledge on the biochemical profile and improved breeding strategies of Vietnamese indigenous Noi chickens.

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“…Uric acid is one of the most abundant nitrogenous compounds on the planet, being a key intermediate in purine metabolism (Barsoum and El-Khatib, 2017). While evidence of aerobic uric acid metabolism can be found across all domains of life, anaerobic uric acid metabolism has been studied in only a handful of bacteria isolated from soil or marine sediments (Vogels and Van der Drift, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A widely distributed gene cluster compensates for uricase loss in hominids

Liu

Jarman

Low³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Approximately 15% of US adults have circulating levels of uric acid above its solubility limit, which is causally linked to the disease gout. In most mammals, uric acid elimination is facilitated by the enzyme uricase. However, human uricase is a pseudogene, having been inactivated early in hominid evolution. Though it has long been known that uric acid is eliminated in the gut, the role of the gut microbiota in hyperuricemia has not been studied. Here we identify a widely distributed bacterial gene cluster that encodes a pathway for uric acid degradation. Stable isotope tracing demonstrates that gut bacteria metabolize uric acid to xanthine or short chain fatty acids. Ablation of the microbiota in uricase-deficient mice causes severe hyperuricemia, and anaerobe-targeted antibiotics increase the risk of gout in humans. These data reveal a role for the gut microbiota in uric acid excretion and highlight the potential for microbiome-targeted therapeutics in hyperuricemia.

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Uric acid and life on earth

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Alterations of the Gut Microbiome Associated With the Treatment of Hyperuricaemia in Male Rats

Alterations of the Gut Microbiome Associated With the Treatment of Hyperuricaemia in Male Rats

Serum biochemical properties of Vietnamese indigenous Noi chicken at 56 days old

A widely distributed gene cluster compensates for uricase loss in hominids

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