Urinary and Fecal Coproporphyrin Excretion in Rats. III. Excretion of Injected Coproporphyrin.

Hoffbauer, F. W.; Watson, C. J.; Schwartz, Samuel

doi:10.3181/00379727-83-20318

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…from the hilum of the liver and proximal to a double ligature occluding the distal segment of the duct. The free end of the catheter was then threaded subcutaneously through a hollow needle to the nape of the neck where it was allowed to drain into a rubber finger cot lying on the back and held in place by a protective plastic shield sutured to the skin, as described by Hoffbauer, Watson, and Schwartz (8). The open end of the finger cot was sealed with a cork through which the catheter entered, while the tip emptied into a length of rubber tubing containing a removable glass plug to permit daily drainage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Experimental Hepatobiliary Disease on Certain Aspects of Tocopherol Metabolism in the Rat1

Klatskin¹,

Tisdale²

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Experimental Hepatobiliary Disease on Certain Aspects of Tocopherol Metabolism in the Rat1

Klatskin¹,

Tisdale²

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Watson et al (1951) showed that, if perfectly fresh urines are analysed with precautions against oxidation, as much as 66 % of the total porphyrin may be found present in the reduced form. Hoffbauer et al (1953) showed that coproporphyrin, administered intravenously, was excreted exclusively in the bile. Hole6ek (1957b) has reported coproporphyrinogen contents of up to 99 % of the total coproporphyrin in the urine in lead poisoning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weatherall (1952) found in rabbits that injected coproporphyrin III was eliminated in the bile and not the urine, and suggested that in lead-poisoned animals it was entirely coproporphyrinogen that gave rise to the high urinary coproporphyrin concentrations found by the usual methods of determination. Hoffbauer, Watson & Schwartz (1953) showed that coproporphyrin injected into the normal rat did not appear in the urine whereas with animals poisoned by carbon tetrachloride a proportion of the dose was so eliminated. Using rabbits, Heikel, Knight, Rimington, Ritchie & Williams (1960) compared the behaviour of intravenously injected coproporphyrinogen III and coproporphyrin III.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion of various porphyrins and their corresponding porphyrinogens by rabbits after intravenous injection

Sano¹,

Rimington²

1963

Biochemical Journal

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Numerous investigations have been conducted on the fate of various porphyrins after ingestion or injection without an intermediary metabolism of porphyrins having been conclusively established. Recent biochemical evidence shows that the actual intermediates in the biosynthesis of haem are not porphyrins, however, but their reduction products, the porphyrinogens, derivable from hexahydroporphin. The chemistry of these readily autoxidizable substances has been studied, but their behaviour and metabolism in vivo is still umknown. That they occur in vivo is certain but several questions remain unanswered, e.g.: (1) By what mechanism are the tetrapyrrole pigments kept in vivo in the reduced form as porphyrinogens?

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“…Coproporphyrin introduced into the circulation is excreted exclusively in the bile (Hoffbauer, Watson & Schwartz 1953). Normal urine, nevertheless, contains coproporphyrin and coproporphyrinogen and Watson, de Mello, Schwartz, Hawkinson & Bossenmaier (1951) have shown that if perfectly fresh specimens are analyzed with due precaution against oxidation, including working in very subdued light to minimize the light-catalyzed change of porphyrinogen to porphyrin, as much as 66 % of the total porphyrin pigment may be present in the reduced form.…”

Section: (Vi) Effect Of Intravenous Loading With Coproporphyrin I Ii or Coproporphyrinogen I Iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on biliary excretion in the rabbit - I. The effect of icterogenin and rehmannic acid on bile flow and the excretion of bilirubin, phylloerythrin, coproporphyrin, alkaline phosphatase and bromsulphalein

Heikel

Knight

Rimington

et al. 1960

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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Several different plants are known which, when ingested by animals, cause hepatocellular damage and jaundice. Some, however, lead to icterus with minimal histological evidence of injury to the liver. From one such plant, Lippia rehmanni (family Verbenaceae), the active principle has been isolated and named icterogenin . Icterogenin is a triterpene acid and is accompanied by smaller quantities of rehmannic acid which has similar toxic action and a closely related chemical structure. Rehmannic acid also occurs in Lantana camara . A technique is described of administering these substances intraperitoneally to rabbits provided with external biliary fistulae and of studying the changes which follow in the quantity and composition of the bile. Normal rabbit bile contains, among other constituents, bilirubin mono- and di-glucuronides, coproporphyrin, phylloerythrin and alkaline phosphatase. Suitable analytical methods have been devised for the quantitative determination of these. Bromsulphalein elimination in the bile after intravenous injection can be used as a sensitive test of hepatic excretory function in the rabbit. The type of conjugation which it undergoes has been studied. Rabbits with biliary fistulae have been given loading doses of either bilirubin, phylloerythrin, coproporphyrin or coproporphyrinogen and the elimination of these substances in the bile or urine has been followed. Only coproporphyrinogen is excreted, in part, by the kidney in the normal rabbit or animal with an external biliary fistula. Similar studies have been made with animals which had received icterogenin or rehmannic acid intraperitoneally in doses of 100 to 150 mg per kilogram. Some hours after administration of the drug, the volume of the biliary excretion diminishes markedly and the rate of elimination of bile pigment and the porphyrins falls to very low levels; alkaline phosphatase is affected to a much smaller degree. In extreme cases a ‘white bile’ devoid of pigment may result. Intravenously injected bilirubin, phylloerythrin, coproporphyrin or bromsulphalein given as loading doses at the height of the intoxication appear in the fistula bile in only minimal quantities, if at all, but each may be detected in the urine. That the failure of the icterogenin-poisoned animal to excrete bilirubin might be due merely to an interference with the hepatic enzyme systems effecting the conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid seemed unlikely in view of the fact that bromsulphalein, which is conjugated with amino acids, and the porphyrins, coproporphyrin and phylloerythrin, which are normally excreted in the free form, are each similarly retained in the intoxicated animal. Direct evidence that an explanation of the inhibition of excretion must be sought rather in some general effect upon permeability of the liver cell was provided by the demonstration that intravenous injection of a rabbit bile rich in bilirubin conjugates into an icterogenin-poisoned animal was followed by complete retention of these pigments. Histological examination of the liver by conventional methods revealed no injury, apart from some vacuolation, which could be attributed to the action of the drugs. Some discussion is offered concerning the possible mechanism of this drug-induced intrahepatic biliary stasis and the relation which it may bear to clinical states encountered in human medicine.

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Urinary and Fecal Coproporphyrin Excretion in Rats. III. Excretion of Injected Coproporphyrin.

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Experimental Hepatobiliary Disease on Certain Aspects of Tocopherol Metabolism in the Rat1

The Effects of Experimental Hepatobiliary Disease on Certain Aspects of Tocopherol Metabolism in the Rat1

Excretion of various porphyrins and their corresponding porphyrinogens by rabbits after intravenous injection

Studies on biliary excretion in the rabbit - I. The effect of icterogenin and rehmannic acid on bile flow and the excretion of bilirubin, phylloerythrin, coproporphyrin, alkaline phosphatase and bromsulphalein

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