Urinary carboxylic acid metabolites as possible novel biomarkers of exposures to alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Lin, Yan; Gao, Xue-Yao; Qiu, Xinghua; Tseng, Chi‐Hong; Zhang, Junfeng Jim; Araujo, Jesús A.; Zhu, Yifang

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106325

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Both urinary OH-PAH and PAHCA concentrations were significantly higher in Beijing compared to those in LA except for ∑OH-NAPs as determined in our previous study, , and geometric mean concentrations of urinary 1-OH-PYR, ∑OH-PHEs, ∑OH-FLUs, 2-OH-DBF, 2-PHECA, and 2-NAPCA in Beijing were 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–2.6), 3.0 (95% CI: 2.4–3.7), 5.2 (95% CI: 3.9–7.0), 7.1 (95% CI: 5.2–9.7), 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7–4.4), and 3.6 (95% CI: 2.3–5.8) times as high as those in LA, respectively (Table S2 in Supporting Information). To concisely compare exposure to representative parent unsubstituted PAHs and that to alkylated PAHs (i.e., phenanthrene and 2-methylphenanthrene), we presented concentrations of total OH-PHEs as well as 2-PHECA in Figure .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…PAHs Exposure in Beijing and LA. Both urinary OH-PAH and PAHCA concentrations were significantly higher in Beijing compared to those in LA except for ∑OH-NAPs as determined in our previous study, 18,19 and geometric mean concentrations of urinary 1-OH-PYR, ∑OH-PHEs, ∑OH-FLUs, 2-OH-DBF, 2-PHECA, and 2-NAPCA in Beijing were 2.0 (95% confidence The concentrations were normalized to urinary creatinine concentrations. Both urinary OH-PHEs and 2-PHECA in Beijing were significantly higher than that in LA (both p < 0.001) according to linear mixed-effect models with a random intercept for participant.…”

Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 47%

“…A data set reported previously was applied here. , Urinary monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) were assessed to indicate personal exposure to unsubstituted PAHs, and PAH carboxylic acids (PAHCAs) were assessed for exposure to alkylated PAHs as described previously. A total number of nine OH-PAHs, i.e., 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR), 1-/2-/3-/4-/9-hydroxyphenanthrenes (∑OH-PHEs), 2-/3-hydroxyfluorenes (∑OH-FLUs), 2-hydroxydibenzofuran (2-OH-DBF), and 1-/2- hydroxynaphthalenes (∑OH-NAPs), and two PAHCAs, i.e., 2-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid (2-PHECA) and 2-naphtholic acid (2-NAPCA), were measured with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS; 7890A-5975C, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) after derivation .…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, there are large spatial variations in PAH pollution between different countries, and China has been shown to be the largest emitter worldwide . In previous studies, we found that Los Angeles residents traveling to Beijing for 10 weeks exhibited elevated urinary levels of hydroxylated-PAHs (OH-PAHs) and PAH carboxylic acids (PAHCAs), which are likely metabolites of unsubstituted PAHs and alkylated PAHs, respectively . In the present study, we exploited this natural experimental opportunity brought by the drastic contrast in PAH exposure, indicating the increased air pollution in Beijing under a well-defined time frame, and performed metabolomic analysis on serum samples collected from 26 healthy young adults before, during, and after their travels, aiming to (1) identify key systemic metabolomic changes after a 6–8 week exposure to elevated levels of PAHs, (2) study the reversibility of metabolomic changes 4–7 weeks after the exposure cessation, and (3) compare the associations of metabolomic changes with unsubstituted and alkylated PAHs indexed by OH-PAHs and PAHCAs, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Metabolomic Changes after Subacute Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Natural Experiment among Healthy Travelers from Los Angeles to Beijing

Lin

Qiu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Emerging epidemiological evidence has associated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with chronic diseases including cardiometabolic diseases and neurodegeneration. However, little information is available about their subacute effects, which may accumulate over years and contribute to chronic disease development. To fill this knowledge gap, we designed a natural experiment among 26 healthy young adults who were exposed to elevated PAHs for 10 weeks after traveling from Los Angeles to Beijing in 2014 and 2015. Serum was collected before, during, and after the trip for metabolomics analysis. We identified 50 metabolites that significantly changed 6–8 weeks after the travel to Beijing (FDR < 5%). The network analysis revealed two main independent modules. Module 1 was allocated to oxidative homeostasis-related response and module 2 to delayed enzymatic deinduction response. Remarkably, the module 1 metabolites were recovered 4–7 weeks after participants’ return, while the module 2 metabolites were not. Urinary hydroxylated PAHs were significantly associated with metabolites from both modules, while PAH carboxylic acids, likely metabolites of alkylated PAHs, were only associated with antioxidation-related metabolites. These results suggested differential subacute effects of unsubstituted and alkylated PAHs. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of the reversibility of metabolite changes in adverse health effects of PAHs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Metabolomic Changes after Subacute Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Natural Experiment among Healthy Travelers from Los Angeles to Beijing

Lin

Qiu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…5−9 Certain alkylated-PAHs are more abundant in petrogenic sources (e.g., crude oil and its refined products) than in combustion emission, and hence, urinary metabolites of these PAH derivatives (e.g., PAH-carboxylic acids) have been suggested as exposure biomarkers reflective of petrogenic sources. 10,11 Several nitro-PAHs (e.g., 1-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluorene) have been found to be abundant in DE, 12 and hence, their urinary metabolites may be used as a biomarker of DE exposure. For example, urinary amino-PAHs (APAHs), identified as major metabolites of nitro-PAHs, have been suggested as potential biomarkers of DE exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Amino-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residents: Finding a Biomarker for Residential Exposure to Diesel Traffic

Yang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Despite substantial evidence of marked exposure to and ill-health effects from diesel exhaust (DE) emissions among occupational population (e.g., miners, truck drivers, and taxi drivers), it is less understood to what extent non-occupational population was exposed to DE among various combustion sources, largely due to the lack of biomarkers that would indicate specific exposure to DE. We evaluated whether urinary amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (APAHs), such as major metabolites of DE-specific nitrated PAHs, can be used as DE exposure biomarkers in residential settings. We measured five urinary APAHs in 177 urine samples from 98 UK residents, 89 (91%) of them were London residents, and estimated their residential proximity to various traffic indicators (e.g., the road type, road length, traffic flow, and traffic volume). Participants living within 100 m of major roads exhibited increased levels of all five APAHs, among which 2-amino-fluorene (2-AFLU) reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). We estimated that a 10 m increase in the length of nearby major roads (<100 m) was associated with a 4.4% (95% CI of 1.1 to 7.6%) increase in 2-AFLU levels. Levels of 2-AFLU were significantly associated with the traffic flow of nearby buses and heavy-duty vehicles but not motorbikes, taxis, or coaches. We did not observe a significant association between distance to major roads or the sum of the major road length within 100 m with the other four biomarker concentrations. These results suggest the use of urinary 2-AFLU as a biomarker of DE exposure in urban residents.

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Deposition effect of inhaled particles in the human: Accurate health risks of personal exposure to PAHs and their derivatives from residential solid fuel combustion

Feng

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Environment

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Urinary carboxylic acid metabolites as possible novel biomarkers of exposures to alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Metabolomic Changes after Subacute Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Natural Experiment among Healthy Travelers from Los Angeles to Beijing

Metabolomic Changes after Subacute Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Natural Experiment among Healthy Travelers from Los Angeles to Beijing

Urinary Amino-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residents: Finding a Biomarker for Residential Exposure to Diesel Traffic

Deposition effect of inhaled particles in the human: Accurate health risks of personal exposure to PAHs and their derivatives from residential solid fuel combustion

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