Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26Mg dose as an indicator of marginal magnesium deficiency in adults

Wälti, M K; Walczyk, Thomas; Zimmermann, Michael; Fortunato, Giuseppino; Weber, Matthias; Ga, Stalder; Hurrell, Richard F.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602278

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Within 24 hours only 7·9 % of the injected dose was excreted in the urine and the fraction excreted correlated with total urinary Mg excretion. In contrast to other loading tests, this dose was apparently insufficient to modify the size of the pools in subjects with marginal deficiency as defined by a range of Mg muscle concentrations from 3·50 to 4·19 mmol/100 g fat free dried solids ( 113 ) . Using double labelled Mg in healthy adult men, 26 Mg given orally and 25 Mg injected intravenously, blood, urine and faeces were collected for 12 days to build a compartmental model of Mg kinetics.…”

Section: Isotope Balance Studiesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Update on the assessment of magnesium status

2008

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Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body and the most abundant intracellular divalent cation, with essential roles in many physiological functions. Consequently, the assessment of Mg status is important for the study of diseases associated with chronic deficiency. In spite of intense research activities there is still no simple, rapid, and accurate laboratory test to determine total body Mg status in humans. However, serum Mg ,0·75 mmol/l is a useful measurement for severe deficiency, and for values between 0·75 and 0·85 mmol/l a loading test can identify deficient subjects. The loading test seems to be the gold standard for Mg status, but is unsuitable in patients with disturbed kidney and intestinal functions when administered orally. There is also a need to reach a consensus on a standardized protocol in order to compare results obtained in different clinical units. Other cellular Mg measurements, such as total or ionized Mg, frequently disagree and more research and systematic evaluations are needed. Muscle Mg appears to be a good marker, but biopsies limit its usefulness, as is the case with bone Mg, the most important but heterogeneous Mg compartment. The development of new and non invasive techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) may provide valuable tools for routinely analysing ionized Mg in tissues. With the development of molecular genetics techniques, the recent discovery of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin channels offers new possibilities for the sensitive and rapid evaluation of Mg status in humans.Loading test: Serum: Erythrocyte: Lymphocytes: Muscle: Bone: Ionized Mg Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body, and the most abundant intracellular divalent cation, and is essential for a diverse range of physiological functions. Mg deficiency, either from inadequate intake, excess excretion or altered homeostasis, is often suspected to be associated with the initiation of many symptoms and diseases (1) . In spite of its multiple and ubiquitous roles, Mg status can be assessed in severe deficiency and a large number of studies have investigated various markers during nutritionally induced or pathological mild and chronic deficiency. A review published in 1991 stated that the assessment of Mg status was difficult as there was no simple, rapid and accurate test to indicate total body Mg status (2) . More recently, another review indicated that whilst functional and/or biological markers are available for many nutrients, there is still a need for indicators to specifically diagnose Mg deficiency (3) . Another difficulty associated with Mg is related to its metabolism. It is known that the equilibrium and exchange of Mg between body compartments and tissue pools occurs slowly, so determining Mg concentration in one tissue may not provide information about Mg status in another. This review provides the most up-to-date information on the assessment of Mg status. MetabolismThe metabolism of Mg and its body distribution have been investigated in an...

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Section: Isotope Balance Studiesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Update on the assessment of magnesium status

2008

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“…A more complicated method of determining magnesium status relies on intravenous magnesium loading followed by a 24 h urine collection, ostensibly to measure what percentage of administered dose is retained, from which an assessment of magnesium status can be derived. This retention test relies heavily on the reliability and standardization of the 24 h urine measurement, which is not uniformly accepted [ 125 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 ]. Additionally, this test is costly, more suitable for research units and impractical for most clinical settings.…”

Section: Analytical Challenges In Establishing Magnesium Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status

Workinger¹,

Doyle

Bortz³

2018

Nutrients

153

123

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Magnesium is a critical mineral in the human body and is involved in ~80% of known metabolic functions. It is currently estimated that 60% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) and 45% of Americans are magnesium deficient, a condition associated with disease states like hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders, to name a few. Magnesium deficiency can be attributed to common dietary practices, medications, and farming techniques, along with estimates that the mineral content of vegetables has declined by as much as 80–90% in the last 100 years. However, despite this mineral’s importance, it is poorly understood from several standpoints, not the least of which is its unique mechanism of absorption and sensitive compartmental handling in the body, making the determination of magnesium status difficult. The reliance on several popular sample assays has contributed to a great deal of confusion in the literature. This review will discuss causes of magnesium deficiency, absorption, handling, and compartmentalization in the body, highlighting the challenges this creates in determining magnesium status in both clinical and research settings.

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“…During the pre-and posttesting period of time, we obtained a percutaneous biopsy after local anesthesia with 1 % lidocaine from the middle portion of the nondominant vastus lateralis muscle, using a ProMag Ultra device and 14 gauge needles (Angiotech Pharmaceuticals, Gainesville, FL, USA), as previously described [28] . After removal, the muscle tissue was immediately mounted in an embedding medium (Tissue-Tek ® , Sakura, Zoeterwoude, The Netherlands), snap frozen in isopentane cooled to − 160 ° C with liquid nitrogen, and subsequently stored at − 80 ° C until use.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Muscle Biopsy Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Whole-Body Vibration, Resistance Exercise, and Vascular Occlusion on Skeletal Muscle and Performance

Item¹,

Denkinger²,

Fontana³

et al. 2011

Int J Sports Med

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new high-intensity training modality comprised of vibration exercise with superimposed resistance exercise and vascular occlusion (vibroX) on skeletal muscle and performance. Young untrained women were randomized to either train in a progressive mode on 3 days per week for 5 weeks (n = 12) or to maintain a sedentary lifestyle (n = 9). VibroX increased peak cycling power (+9%, P = 0.001), endurance capacity (+57%, P = 0.002), ventilatory threshold (+12%, P < 0.001), and end-test torque (+15%, P = 0.002) relative to the sedentary group. Training load increased by 84.5% (P < 0.001) after vibroX. The increases were paralleled by increases in myosin heavy 2 chain type 1 vastus lateralis muscle fiber cross-sectional area (+14%, P = 0.031) and proportion (+17%, P = 0.015), thigh lean mass (+4%, P = 0.001), capillary-to-fiber ratio (+14%, P = 0.003), and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Conversely, maximal values for oxygen consumption, cardiac output, isokinetic leg extension power and jumping power remained unaffected. Notably, vastus lateralis muscle adaptations were achieved with a very low weekly training volume. We conclude that vibroX quickly increases muscle (fiber) size, capillarization, and oxidative potential, and markedly augments endurance capacity in young women.

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Urinary excretion of an intravenous 26Mg dose as an indicator of marginal magnesium deficiency in adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Update on the assessment of magnesium status

Update on the assessment of magnesium status

Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status

Combined Effects of Whole-Body Vibration, Resistance Exercise, and Vascular Occlusion on Skeletal Muscle and Performance

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