Urinary hydroxypyrene determination for biomonitoring of firefighters deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfire: an inter-laboratory method comparison

Gill, Biban; Mell, Alicia; Shanmuganathan, Meera; Jobst, Karl J.; Zhang, Xu; Kinniburgh, David; Cherry, Nicola; Britz‐McKibbin, Philip

doi:10.1007/s00216-018-01569-1

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The GC-MS method adopted by the McMaster University group had a lower limit of detection (LoD) and somewhat higher estimates than the University of Calgary group using an LC-MS/MS method. Concentrations were above the limit of detection (LoD) for 44/62 (71.0%) by LC-MS/MS and 61/62 (98.4%) by GC-MS but there was good mutual agreement between the methods, giving credibility to the analysis reported here (Gill et al ., 2019). Subsequent analysis of urine samples was performed by LC-MS/MS due to its faster analysis times that avoid the need for complicated sample handling.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire

Cherry

Aklilu

Beach

et al. 2019

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

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Background In May 2016, firefighters from the province of Alberta, Canada deployed to a fire that engulfed the urban area of Fort McMurray. During the first days of the fire, firefighters experienced heavy smoke exposures during greatly extended work shifts. Urinary samples were collected post-deployment from three fire services for estimation of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) concentration, reflecting exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to determine the effects of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) and skin hygiene in reducing internal dose Methods Urine samples from one fire service (n = 62) were analyzed for 1-HP by two laboratories, using different assays (LC-MS/MS: GC-MS): remaining samples were analyzed just by LC-MS/MS. A Skin Exposure Mitigation Index (SEMI) was computed from questions on opportunities for changing clothing, showering, and washing during breaks. Regression analyses, using 1-HP ng/g creatinine as the dependent variable, assessed the effect of RPE and skin factors on PAH absorption, allowing for environmental exposure and potential confounders. Stratification identified key groups with equal delay in sample collection. Results 1-HP was detected in 71.0% of 62 samples by LC-MS/MS and 98.4% by GC-MS, with good mutual agreement between the methods. In 171 post-fire samples, 1-HP corrected for creatinine was related to current cigarette smoking and recent barbeque. Among those with samples collected within 48 h, urinary 1-HP was correlated with estimated exposure(r = 0.53, P < 0.001). In those with only one rotation before urine sample collection, no effect was seen of RPE use but I-HP was significantly lower (P = 0.003) in those with those with a high score on the SEMI scale, indicating better access to factors mitigating skin absorption. Conclusion Skin exposure to PAHs is an important route of absorption in firefighters, which can be mitigated by good skin hygiene.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The comparison of laboratory methods for the estimation of 1-HP is reported elsewhere (Gill et al ., 2019). The GC-MS method adopted by the McMaster University group had a lower limit of detection (LoD) and somewhat higher estimates than the University of Calgary group using an LC-MS/MS method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire

Cherry

Aklilu

Beach

et al. 2019

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

Self Cite

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“…The HPLC-FLD method is set-up to process 60 samples per day per analyst (including blanks and QC samples) making it an ideal throughput process to handle large volumes of HAPIN trial samples. The LLE method resulted in an accuracy that ranged from 101% to 128% which was similar or even better compared to SPE methodology used in previous studies [22] , [28] , [29] , [36] , [37] . The inter-day and intra-day precision of pooled urine matrix spike was under 5% RSD in HPLC-FLD method which was comparable with LC-MSMS and GC-HRMS techniques [22] , [37] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Cross-validation of biomonitoring methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in human urine: Results from the formative phase of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in India

Puttaswamy

Saidam

Rajendran

et al. 2020

Journal of Chromatography B

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Highlights Cross-validation of analytical techniques for 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol. Good agreement between low cost HPLC fluorescence (HPLC-FLD) and LC-MSMS methods. HPLC-FLD method was highly sensitive to 2NAP compared to LC-MSMS. HPLC-FLD showed large bias for 2NAP with LC-MSMS at levels greater than 20 ng/mL. HPLC-FLD is a cost-effective and reliable analytical method for low-and middle-income countries.

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“…As the most popular GC-API technique, a number of publications have recently appeared that demonstrate its advantages over EI or CI. Analysis of hydroxypyrene (a PAH metabolite in human urine) using GC-APCI showed lower detection limits and a wider linear range than LC-MS/MS [52]. In the same vein, GC-APCI analysis resulted in >10-fold lower method detection limits for halogenated dioxins and furans in sediments, fish and fire debris as well as 9-nitrophenanthrene and 3-nitrophenanthrene in PM 2.5, as compared to using EI.…”

Section: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (Apci)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential

Dorman

Helm

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) is a powerful nontargeted screening technique that promises to accelerate the identification of environmental pollutants. Currently, most GC–HRMS instruments are equipped with electron ionization (EI), but atmospheric pressure ionization (API) ion sources have attracted renewed interest because: (i) collisional cooling at atmospheric pressure minimizes fragmentation, resulting in an increased yield of molecular ions for elemental composition determination and improved detection limits; (ii) a wide range of sophisticated tandem (ion mobility) mass spectrometers can be easily adapted for operation with GC–API; and (iii) the conditions of an atmospheric pressure ion source can promote structure diagnostic ion–molecule reactions that are otherwise difficult to perform using conventional GC–MS instrumentation. This literature review addresses the merits of GC–API for nontargeted screening while summarizing recent applications using various GC–API techniques. One perceived drawback of GC–API is the paucity of spectral libraries that can be used to guide structure elucidation. Herein, novel data acquisition, deconvolution and spectral prediction tools will be reviewed. With continued development, it is anticipated that API may eventually supplant EI as the de facto GC–MS ion source used to identify unknowns.

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Urinary hydroxypyrene determination for biomonitoring of firefighters deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfire: an inter-laboratory method comparison

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire

Cross-validation of biomonitoring methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in human urine: Results from the formative phase of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in India

Nontargeted Screening Using Gas Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Trends and Emerging Potential

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