Urinary Iodine Excretion in Pregnant Women Residing in a Former Goitrogenic Area

Context.Pakistan is considered to be severely iodine deficient with 70% population at risk of iodine deficiency.Objectives. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of goiter and status of iodine in district Charsadda, Pakistan.Design. The study was carried out using the 30 cluster approach.Subject and Methods. From each cluster, 40 school going children were randomly selected with equal number of male and female children making a total of 1210. A total of 202 pregnant women were sampled casually from different health units and hospitals of the districts. For goiter determination palpation, for urinary iodine wet digestion and for salt iodine rapid spot test kits were used.Results. The prevalence of goiter in school children was 10.9% (10.2% in boys and 11.5% in girls). In pregnant women the goiter prevalence was found to be 20.7% (16.6% in 1 st trimester, 19% in 2 nd trimester and 25% in 3 rd trimester). The median urinary iodine concentration of school children and pregnant women was 89.9μg/L and 89.8μg/L respectively. Estimation of iodine content in salt illustrates that 70% households were consuming non-iodized salt.Conclusions. This study suggests mild iodine deficiency in the district Charsadda of Pakistan. Regular iodine prophylaxis is needed in the area.

Section: Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of Goiter and Iodine Status in 6-12 Years School Children and Pregnant Women of District Charsada, Pakistan

Saira¹

2014

“…Another change in the iodine metabolism during pregnancy is the continuous and simultaneous increase in thyroid hormone production. This further increases the daily iodine need (6,7). These two fundamental changes lead to an increased tendency for iodine deficiency during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

TSH Levels in Pregnant Women with Iodine Deficiency before Spontaneous Abortus

Atmaca¹,

Öztürk²,

Özbay³

et al. 2014

Background. Iodine deficiency and/or thyroid autoimmunity are the most common causes of hypothyroidism development among pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of iodine consumption and thyroid autoimmunity on TSH levels and abortus.The study sample consisted of 104 patients, 79 in abortus and 25 in control groups. TSH, free T4, free T3, anti-TPO, anti-Tg, spot urinary iodine concentrations, and thyroid volumes of the cases were measured by ultrasonography.The spot urine concentration was below 100 µg/L in 93% of the cases included in the study. The TSH levels of the abortus group cases were significantly higher than those of the controls (p=0.025). The percentage of subclinical hypothyroid cases were significantly higher among the cases evaluated due to abortus compared to the control group (p<0.001). Abortus and control groups did not differ statistically with respect to the presence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (p=0.424). Spot urine iodine concentrations of abortus cases with subclinical hypothyroid were significantly lower than those with TSH levels below the defined range (p=0.001). Spot urine iodine concentrations of the cases with subclinical abortus with negative thyroid autoantibodies were also significantly lower than those with TSH levels below the defined range (p=0.017).TSH levels above 1 µIU/mL for the first trimester and 2 µIU/mL for the second trimester may be indicators of iodine nutrition in pregnancy losses.

Iodine Status after a Decade of Universal Salt Iodization in Romania: A Bicentric Study in Urban Areas

Ursu¹,

Podia-Igna²,

Goran³

et al. 2014

Objective.To assess in a bicentric study the current iodine status of schoolchildren, ten years after implementation of the universal salt iodization (USI) in Romania.Subjects and methods. 102 children from 2 towns, aged between 6 and 11 years, were included in the study group: 66 children from Sibiu, a previously endemic area for iodine deficiency disorders and 36 children from Bucharest, a previously borderline iodine intake area. Body mass index (BMI), total body surface area (BSA), median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and prevalence of goiter were evaluated. Thyroid volume was measured by ultrasonography. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee. An informed consent from the parents was obtained. Results.From the 102 schoolchildren in the study group, 59 were girls and 43 were boys. Median UIC in the total number of samples was 175.2 mcg/L, reflecting a sufficient iodine intake, with statistically significant differences between the two urban regions. The median UIC was 187.35 mcg/L in the Sibiu subgroup and