Urinary metabolites of dibutyl phthalate and benzophenone-3 are potential chemical risk factors of chronic kidney function markers among healthy women

Kang, Habyeong; Kim, Sunmi; Lee, Gowoon; Lee, Inae; Lee, Jung Pyo; Lee, Jeonghwan; Park, Hyunwoong; Moon, Hyo Bang; Park, Jeongim; Kim, Sungkyoon; Choi, Gyuyeon; Choi, Kyungho

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.028

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…One case-control study evaluated whether the exposure to BP-3 can be a risk factor for chronic kidney diseases. 30 When they measured the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), a kidney function marker, and the urinary concentrations of BP-1, a BP-3 metabolite, of 441 female participants, they found a significant association between BP-1 and ACR, suggesting BP-3 as a potential contributing factor to kidney injury.…”

Section: Effects On Organ Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Recent evidence of high systemic absorption of sunscreen ingredients has raised concerns regarding the safety of sunscreen products. Oxybenzone (BP‐3) and octinoxate (OMC), two common sunscreen ingredients, were recently banned in Key West and Hawaii owing to their toxic effects on marine ecosystems. Their impact on human health requires a careful assessment. To summarize the current evidence on the association between the systemic level of BP‐3 or OMC and its health impact, a primary literature search was conducted using PubMed database in February 2019. There are 29 studies that address the impact of these ingredients on human health. Studies show that elevated systemic level of BP‐3 has no adverse effect on male and female fertility, female reproductive hormone level, adiposity, fetal growth, child's neurodevelopment, and sexual maturation. However, the association of BP‐3 level on thyroid hormone, testosterone level, kidney function, and pubertal timing has been reported and prompts further investigations to validate a true association. The systemic absorption of OMC has no reported effect on thyroid and reproductive hormone levels. In conclusion, current evidence is not sufficient to support the causal relationship between the elevated systemic level of BP‐3 or OMC and adverse health outcomes. There are either contradictory findings among different studies or an insufficient number of studies to corroborate the observed association. To accurately evaluate the long‐term risk of exposure to BP‐3 and OMC from sunscreen, a well‐designed longitudinal randomized controlled trial needs to be conducted.

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Section: Effects On Organ Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…Since CKD often begins with an asymptomatic period, it is hypothesized that prior EDC exposures can unknowingly inflict damage to various structures in the kidney. Past studies have correlated kidney dysfunction in children with increased exposure to documented EDCs, including phthalate DEHP and BPA [209][210][211]. In both cases, structural changes within the glomerulus resulted in micro-albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), and elevated albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACR).…”

Section: Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, urinalysis has revealed evidence of EDCs as risk factors for CDK. A cohort study examining kidney function via the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), found a positive association between ACR and the urinary EDC metabolites, monobutyl phthalate and benzophenone-1 [209].…”

Section: Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation of Nuclear Hormone Receptors by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Mechanisms and Pathological Consequences of Exposure

Hall

Greco

2019

Cells

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Much of the early work on Nuclear Hormone Receptors (NHRs) focused on their essential roles as mediators of sex steroid hormone signaling in reproductive development and function, and thyroid hormone-dependent formation of the central nervous system. However, as NHRs display tissue-specific distributions and activities, it is not surprising that they are involved and vital in numerous aspects of human development and essential for homeostasis of all organ systems. Much attention has recently been focused on the role of NHRs in energy balance, metabolism, and lipid homeostasis. Dysregulation of NHR function has been implicated in numerous pathologies including cancers, metabolic obesity and syndrome, Type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, male and female infertility and other reproductive disorders. This review will discuss the dysregulation of NHR function by environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and the associated pathological consequences of exposure in numerous tissues and organ systems, as revealed by experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies.

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“…13 Levels of urinary BP-1, a marker of oxybenzone exposure, have been found to correlate with chronic kidney function. 14 Oxybenzone was also shown to have hazardous effects on fish in a recent study. 15 During the disinfection of drinking water, BP-3 reacts with chlorine and produces hazardous by-products, such as bromoform, bromol hydrate, and dibrominated BP-3, threatening human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The parent compound and its demethylated metabolite (BP‐1) have been detected in urine and wastewater . Levels of urinary BP‐1, a marker of oxybenzone exposure, have been found to correlate with chronic kidney function . Oxybenzone was also shown to have hazardous effects on fish in a recent study .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro metabolism of sunscreen compounds by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry

Guesmi

Ohlund

Sleno

2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Exposure to UV light can induce adverse effects on human health, such as photo‐aging, immunosuppression, and cancer. Sunscreens are used to prevent the absorption of UV rays, but certain UV‐filtering compounds have been shown to disrupt endocrine systems or act as carcinogens. To assess the effects of the exposure to such compounds, it is important to study the pathways by which they are biotransformed in the body. Methods Liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS/MS) was employed to evaluate the oxidative metabolism and, specifically, the formation of reactive metabolites of six active ingredients commonly used in sunscreen formulations: oxybenzone, avobenzone, homosalate, octisalate, octocrylene, and octinoxate. In vitro incubations were performed with human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and glutathione. An LC/HRMS/MS method was developed to identify metabolites employing a biphenyl reversed‐phase column for separating parent molecules, metabolites, and glutathione (GSH) adducts. Results Each tested compound resulted in the formation of several metabolites, including at least one GSH adduct. Compounds containing ester groups were hydrolyzed, and some metabolites of the free acid forms were also detected. High‐resolution MS/MS data was crucial for the structural elucidation of metabolites and GSH adducts. Fragmentation pathways were proposed for all parent compounds, as well as each described metabolite and adduct. Conclusions The results of this study will help better understand the metabolism and detoxification pathways of these xenobiotics.

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Urinary metabolites of dibutyl phthalate and benzophenone-3 are potential chemical risk factors of chronic kidney function markers among healthy women

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review

The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review

Perturbation of Nuclear Hormone Receptors by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Mechanisms and Pathological Consequences of Exposure

In vitro metabolism of sunscreen compounds by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry

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