Urinary Screening in Primary School Children in Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Background: Urinary screening program for asymptomatic urinary abnormalities among primary school children may facilitate preventing, halting, and deferring the progression of some diseases. Objectives: To describe the urine examination findings in healthy primary school beginners in Yazd (Iran). Patients and Methods: A complete physical examination in the morning with a midstream urine sample collection obtained from 3014 students in two educational areas of Yazd, Iran. Students with positive test results in the first screening were retested. The urine samples of those with two abnormal results were analyzed using dipstick and microscope concurrently. Results: Children (1527 girls, 1487 boys) were screened and urinary abnormalities were detected in 94 (3.1%) subjects at the first screening. Proteinuria was the most common abnormality, detected in 54 (1.79%), and next, hematuria was present in 16 subjects. Of these children, 24 (0.79%) cases were positive in the second screening. In the third analysis of samples, abnormal findings in the patients included one isolated hematuria, eight isolated proteinuria, and two combined hematuria and proteinuria. 19 out of 3014 (0.63%) had a familiar history of renal diseases and three of them had renal disease. Conclusions: Urinary screening can detect chronic renal disease in its earliest stages that may help to prevent the deterioration of future renal function. In addition, a long-term follow-up of the children with hematuria and proteinuria is suggested.

Urinary Screening for Detection of Renal Abnormalities in Asymptomatic School Children, Sohag Governorate, Egypt

“…Comparing our results to other similar studies revealed that the percentage of hematuria, proteinuria, and UTIs in our data similar to Rao et al [14] and Shen et al [15] reported in China, higher than those reported in by Bakr et al [11] in Dakahlia city in North Egypt, Nodoshan et al [16] in Yazd city in Iran, Parakh et al [17] in India, Zainal et al [18] in Malaysia, and Murakami et al [19] in Tokyo city in Japan, and lower than those reported by Zein El-Abden et al [12] in El-Garbyia city in North Egypt, El-Shafie et al [13] in Monoufiya city in North Egypt, Dang et al [20] in Vietnam, Hajar et al [21] in Lebanon, Oviasu et al [22] in Nigeria, and Plata et al [23] in Bolivia.…”

“…In this study, we found that prevalence of urinary abnormities was 1.9% in initial urinary screening and 1.3% in the second screening. The results reported in the second screening were smaller than those reported in the first screening in this study as well as many others studies [11,14,15,16]. Repeat screenings were performed to eliminate false results.…”

Urinary abnormalities in asymptomatic secondary school children in Calabar, Nigeria

“…It was similar to the result from a study in western Saudi Arabia 31 but lower prevalence of 0.69%, 1.5% were reported in Nigeria and Iran respectively. 6,32 The finding of nitrituria in this study may raise the suspicion of urinary tract infections (UTI). However, urine microscopy, culture and sensitivity were not done which was a limitation in this study.…”