Urinary Sex Steroids and Anthropometric Markers of Puberty - A Novel Approach to Characterising Within-Person Changes of Puberty Hormones

Singh, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar; Balzer, Ben W.R.; Kelly, Patrick J.; Paxton, Karen; Hawke, Catherine; Handelsman, David J.; Steinbeck, Katharine

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143555

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Following this, tandem-mass spectrometry analysis was performed using an API-5000 triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystem/MDS SCIEX, Ontario, Canada). 6,14 This method can quantify low levels of circulating E 2 and T in 99% of serum specimens from adolescents. 6…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early morning serum E 2 (collected in follicular phase for post-menarcheal participants) and T were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using previously described methods. 6,14 Briefly, organic solvent extracts of serum were separated by liquid chromatography using a Shimadzu Nexera UHPLC system (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, MD). Following this, tandem-mass spectrometry analysis was performed using an API-5000 triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystem/MDS SCIEX, Ontario, Canada).…”

Section: Hormone Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peak height velocity (PHV) requires serial calibrated measurements with sufficient frequency to determine a clear peak. Sex steroid measurement directly samples the hormonal milieu that drives the observed physical changes of puberty, but is limited due to acceptability of repeat biological sampling with adequate frequency 6 and the assay cost making this approach less useful for population-based assessment of puberty. Thus, a marker that is simple and easily measured, cost-effective, correlates with established markers of puberty (especially sex steroids), and which additionally may indicate the early stages of puberty is likely to be of significant research and clinical utility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foot Length Growth as a Novel Marker of Early Puberty

Balzer

Cheng

Garden

et al. 2019

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Foot growth is part of overall pubertal growth but its relation to other anthropometric and hormonal changes is unclear. Our objective was to determine how foot length changes relate to changes in other growth parameters (height and weight), Tanner stage, and serum hormones. Adolescents (n = 342) were recruited to a 3-year longitudinal cohort study, underwent annual anthropometric assessments (height, weight, and foot length), and provided self-rated Tanner staging. They also provided blood samples that were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for serum testosterone and estradiol and classified as pre-pubertal or pubertal based on circulating hormone levels. Average annual percent increase in foot length was greater for pre-pubertal adolescents compared with pubertal. Increased foot length was associated with increases in height, weight, Tanner stage, and serum hormones in males and pre-menarcheal females but not post-menarcheal females. Foot length offers a novel, noninvasive, cost-effective, and easily demonstrable marker of early pubertal changes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hormone Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foot Length Growth as a Novel Marker of Early Puberty

Balzer

Cheng

Garden

et al. 2019

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

Self Cite

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“…In a study examining the correlation of three-monthly urinary oestradiol, testosterone and LH with self-reported SMS-based Tanner staging, the levels of all three hormones were correlated with the staging at baseline and 12 months later. 43 In another study, staging based on physical examination reflected testosterone and DHEA levels in both sexes, but was only modestly related to oestradiol in girls. 44 In boys, 24-hour testosterone levels in later puberty correlate reasonably well with testicular volume.…”

Section: Hormonal Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…45 However, assays of urinary sex hormones both in boys and girls can be difficult to interpret due to within-person variability, and longitudinal sampling would be required to determine the hormonal changes associated with progression through pubertal stages. 43,46 It has been suggested that both inhibin A and B may have a potential as markers of pubertal development in boys and girls. 46,47 However, progressive changes in their levels are not consistent enough to enable pubertal staging.…”

Section: Hormonal Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for determining pubertal status in research studies: literature review and opinions of experts and adolescents

Walker

Smith

Davies

et al. 2019

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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In lifecourse studies that encompass the adolescent period, the assessment of pubertal status is important, but can be challenging. We aimed to identify current methods for pubertal assessment and assess their appropriateness for population-based research by combining a review of the literature with the views of experts in the field. We searched bibliographic databases, extracted data and assessed study quality to inform a workshop with 21 experts. Acceptability of different approaches was explored with a panel of ten adolescents. We screened 11,935 abstracts, assessed 157 articles and summarised results from 38 articles. Combining these with the opinions of experts, self-assessment was found to be a practical method for use in studies where agreement with the gold standard of clinical assessment by physical examination to within one Tanner stage was acceptable. Serial measures of height and foot size accurately indicated timing of the pubertal growth spurt and age at peak height velocity, and were seen as feasible within longitudinal studies. Hormonal and radiological methods did not offer a practical means of assessing pubertal status. Assessment of voice maturation was promising, but needed validation. Young people thought that self-assessment, foot size and voice assessments were acceptable, and preferred an assessor of the same sex for clinical assessment. This review thus informs researchers working in lifecourse and adolescent health, and identifies future directions in order to improve validity of the methods.

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Longitudinal analysis of cortisol changes during pubertal development in indigenous Qom girls

Glass,

Godwin,

Bez

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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Pubertal research has primarily focused on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) regulation of puberty, though the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) is increasingly considered critical. Heightened HPA function proxied by increasing cortisol levels may play a role in accelerated pubertal timing. However, the extent to which cortisol varies across ages and its relation to pubertal changes in linear growth are less well substantiated. We explored relationships between age, linear growth, adiposity, C‐peptide (proxy for insulin), and cortisol across puberty, and we tested whether higher cortisol levels are associated with earlier ages at menarche and peak height velocity. We utilize longitudinal data (n = 777 urine samples) from Qom females ages 7–14 (n = 46) and test our pre‐registered analysis using Bayesian longitudinal mixed effects models and joint modeling techniques. We find limited evidence supporting the overarching hypothesis that HPA upregulation is associated with pubertal maturation or timing. We find some evidence that HPA upregulation, as proxied by cortisol, may be more clearly related to differences in relative linear growth at early‐mid puberty, as measured by height‐for‐age z‐scores. Transdisciplinary perspectives on puberty, including the assumption that stressors acting via cortisol accelerate pubertal development, are discussed.

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Urinary Sex Steroids and Anthropometric Markers of Puberty - A Novel Approach to Characterising Within-Person Changes of Puberty Hormones

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Foot Length Growth as a Novel Marker of Early Puberty

Foot Length Growth as a Novel Marker of Early Puberty

Methods for determining pubertal status in research studies: literature review and opinions of experts and adolescents

Longitudinal analysis of cortisol changes during pubertal development in indigenous Qom girls

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