Urinary Stone Inhibitors

Abstract

Urinary stone disease has afflicted mankind for centuries and continues to be a significant medical ailment throughout the world. Contemporary management reflects the changes and evolution that have occurred in both medicine and, specifically, urology. Traditional open surgery has been nearly replaced by minimally invasive techniques, the result of technologic innovations, miniaturization of instruments, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Nevertheless, nephrolithiasis remains a chronic disease and our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis, and molecular and genetic basis of stones as well as their prevention, remains rudimentary.All large calculi were once small calculi. Where do stones originate and what facilitates their retention, allowing them to grow? Although we rely on 24-hour urinary collections, clearly our current methods of directing medical therapy have limitations. In addition, interest in disease prevention continues to grow and understanding basic questions and the underlying pathophysiology of stone disease will help optimize management strategies.Future advances in urinary stone disease will be the result of collaboration among urologists, nephrologists, radiologists, dieticians, scientists, and partners in industry. Physicians must not be complacent with the current status quo or be overly eager to intervene because techniques are less invasive; rather, the goals should be a better understanding of the underlying disease process in order to identify those at risk, prophylax against stone development and recurrence, and improved nonsurgical therapies.Urinary Stone Disease: The Practical Guide to Medical and Surgical Management puts together our contemporary views on the development, treatment, and prevention of urinary stone disease. We hope that the book helps improve the current care of patients but more importantly highlights areas of potential research and inspires novel approaches that will ease the burden of this disease.

Dental Calculus Formation among Recurrent Renal Calculi Formers

“…The early plaque of heavy calculus formers contains more calcium and three times more phosphorus than that of non-calculus formers, suggesting that phosphorus may be more critical than calcium in plaque mineralization. Table 4 shows the low levels of magnesium found in study group indicates higher chances of calcium oxalate formation as magnesium considered an inhibitor of calcium renal stone that's why found in higher concentration in the control group in convenient [25,26] Since most evidence suggests that a bi-directional relationship exists between periodontitis, oral hygiene status and systemic diseases in general [27] to implement the routine scaling and oral hygiene maintenance to all patients of kidney diseases.…”