Uroprotective mechanism of quercetin against cyclophosphamide‐induced urotoxicity: Effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers

Abstract

The urotoxicity is a common complication associated with patients receiving cyclophosphamide (CYP). This study was designed to investigate the uroprotective mechanism of quercetin (Quer) flavonoid against CYP induced urotoxicity via determination of oxidative stress markers as well as inflammatory mediators in bladder tissue. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; Normal group: received saline for 10 days. Quer control group: received quercetin 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days. CYP group: received saline for 10 days and injected with a single dose of 150 mg/kg CYP intraperitoneal (i.p) at day 8. The Quer + CYP group: received Quer 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days plus CYP 150 mg/kg i.p. injection at day 8. The CYP injection produced a significant elevation in bladder contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO), and bladder protein levels and expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in addition to the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) bladder gene expression. Also, CYP injection showed a marked reduction in bladder levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and IL-10 when compared with normal group. Moreover, histopathological examination of the bladder showed degenerative alterations, severe edema, and inflammation following CYP injection. Quer attenuated the biochemical markers and histopathological changes induced by CYP. The uroprotective effect of Quer was exerted by restoring the balance between oxidative/antioxidative status and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Moringa oleiferaseed oil or virgin coconut oil supplementation abrogates cerebral neurotoxicity induced by antineoplastic agent methotrexate by suppression of oxidative stress and neuro‐inflammation in rats

“…The antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) activities mitigate ROS‐mediated tissue damage (Sherif, ). The SOD reduces superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide, while CAT catalyzes reduction of the hydrogen peroxide to H 2 O and O 2 (Sherif, ).…”

“…The antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) activities mitigate ROS‐mediated tissue damage (Sherif, ). The SOD reduces superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide, while CAT catalyzes reduction of the hydrogen peroxide to H 2 O and O 2 (Sherif, ). Interestingly, the consumption of VCO or MOO by MTX‐injected rats considerably increased the cerebral activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH levels in rats, with improvement in histological architecture.…”

Uroprotective mechanisms of natural products against cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder toxicity: A comprehensive review

“…Moreover, cystitis induced by CYP can lead to an overactive bladder which is associated with urothelium damage and severe inflammation (Büyüknacar et al, 2008;Eser et al, 2012;Sherif, 2018). In the detrusor, acetylcholine (Ach) acts on muscarinic receptors leading to contraction of the urinary bladder via the parasympathetic nervous system (Aronsson et al, 2012).…”

<p>Validation of the Key Active Ingredients and Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Shenjin Huoxue Mixture Against Osteoarthritis by Integrating Network Pharmacology Approach and Thin-Layer Chromatography Analysis</p>

“…According to several studies, quercetin had protective effects on anti-inflammation and relieved the accompanying symptoms such as pain related to OA. 27,28 What's more, paeoniflorin has been reported as protective effects against OAwith anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects on chondrocyte. 29,30 As for other key active ingredients, formononetin existing in HL and RG has been proved the anti-catabolic effects on rat chondrocytes and articular cartilage, 31 and it dose-dependently decreased IL-6 in OA subchondral osteoblasts.…”