Urotensin II-immunoreactive neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system of freshwater and seawater fish

Owada, Kyoko; Kawata, Mitsuhiro; Akaji, Kenichi; Takagi, Atsushi; Moriga, Motoyuki; Kobayashi, Hideshi

doi:10.1007/bf00218014

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The fact that immunoreactive UII appeared to be greater in the urophysis of seawater species versus freshwater species suggested an osmoregulatory role for at least UII (566). This was corroborated by a subsequent study that demonstrated increased immunoreactivity for both UI and UII in the urophysis of freshwater acclimated longjaw mudsucker, but this could be secondary to increased synthesis and storage, decreased release of stored peptide, or decreased peptide degradation (385).…”

Section: Urotensinsmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

Evans¹,

Piermarini²,

Choe³

2005

Physiological Reviews

2,322

1,788

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The fish gill is a multipurpose organ that, in addition to providing for aquatic gas exchange, plays dominant roles in osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous wastes. Thus, despite the fact that all fish groups have functional kidneys, the gill epithelium is the site of many processes that are mediated by renal epithelia in terrestrial vertebrates. Indeed, many of the pathways that mediate these processes in mammalian renal epithelial are expressed in the gill, and many of the extrinsic and intrinsic modulators of these processes are also found in fish endocrine tissues and the gill itself. The basic patterns of gill physiology were outlined over a half century ago, but modern immunological and molecular techniques are bringing new insights into this complicated system. Nevertheless, substantial questions about the evolution of these mechanisms and control remain.

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Section: Urotensinsmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

Evans¹,

Piermarini²,

Choe³

2005

Physiological Reviews

2,322

1,788

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“…The presence of UII-immunoreactivity in the brain of fishes has been controversial (Y. Owada et al, 1985). We could not detect UII mRNA in the carp brain by RNA transfer blot hybridization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…(1) Since the quantity of VII-@, a mixture of equal amounts of 2 components, is about half of either UII-(r or -y (Ichikawa et al, 1984), mRNA encoding either component of VII-/3 might be lower in quantity compared with that of UII-cr or -7. (2) UIIimmunoreactive neurons have been shown to be located in the spinal cord both anterior and dorsal to the urophysis in the carp (Owada et al, 1985). We extracted mRNA from the spinal cord anterior to the urophysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of urotensin II-alpha and -gamma

Ohsako¹,

Ishida²,

Ichikawa³

et al. 1986

J. Neurosci.

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The primary structures of the precursors of urotensin II (UII)-a and -7, neuropeptide hormones of the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, have been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of cloned DNAs complementary to the mRNAs encoding them.A cDNA library, constructed with poly(A)+RNA in the preterminal spinal cord, was screened using 3ZP-labeled synthetic oligonucleotldes representing all possible cDNA sequences corresponding to the pentapeptlde common to all forms of carp UII (UII-a, -0, and 9). Twenty out of 39 positive clones were analyzed with the restriction endonucleases, Hi&III and PvuII, and classified into 4 groups. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 4 clones representing each group revealed that 2 clones encode the precursor of UIk and the other 2 that of UII-y. Both precursors consist of 125 amino acid residues, and UI1-a and -"/ exist at the carboxyl-termini preceded by Arg-Lys-Arg. The homology in both nucleotide and amino acid sequences between the precursors of UII-a and -7 is more than 90%, suggesting that the genes were generated from a common ancestral gene by duplication. There is no sequence homology between the precursors of UII and urotensin I, another peptlde hormone of the caudal neurosecretory system, nor between the precursors of UII and somatostatin-14. RNA transfer blot analysis indicated that mRNAs encoding the precursors of UI1-u and 9 are present in the spinal cord but not in the brain, intestine, liver, or kidney of the carp. In sifu hybridization using 32P-labeled synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to common sequence of mRNAs for both UII-ol and --y has detected the UII-producing neurons in the caudal spinal cord of the carp.The caudal neurosecretory system in the posterior spinal cord of elasmobranch and teleost fishes, defined by Enami (1959), synthesizes and releases at least 2 neurohormones, urotensins I and 11 (UI and UII). Although the architecture of this system, similar to the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system, and its universal presence in fish suggest that these peptides have an important role in their physiology, a coherent function of caudal neurosecretion has not been established. Urotensin I is a 41 amino acid residue peptide (Ichikawa et al., 1982; homologous to mammalian corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; see Ichikawa, 1985). The elucidation ofthe primary structure of the precursor of carp UI (Ishida et al., 1986) has shown a sequence homology, as well as an organizational sim-

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“…Further, antisera to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and sauvagine were successfully used to localize a UI-like substance, since CRF and sauvagine have several amino acid sequences homologous with UI (CRF: LARSON et al, 1984;ONSTOTT and ELDE, 1984;BERN et al, 1985;OWADA et al, 1985b;YAMADA et al, 1985;sauvagine: RENDA et al, 1982). Neurons producing UII were also immunohistochemically located in several species of teleosts (LARSON et al, 1984;OWADA and KOBAYASHI, 1984;BERN et al, 1985;OWADA et al, 1985a;YAMADA et al, 1985) and in elasmobranchs (OWADA et al, 1985b). In these studies, several investigators noted the co-localization of a CRF-or UI-like (CRF/UI) substance and UII in the same neurons in teleosts (LARSON et al, 1984;BERN et al, 1985;YAMADA et al, 1985) and in elasmobranchs (OWADA et al, 1985b As rabbit antiserum to carp UI has recently become available, in the present study we used UI antiserum instead of CRF antiserum to localize UI and also to examine the possible coexistence of UI and UII in the same neurons of the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp and two species of shark.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical localization of urotensins I and II in the caudal neurosecretory neurons of the carp Cyprinus carpio and the sharks Heterodontus japonicus and Cephaloscyllium umbratile.

Yamada

Owada

Ichikawa³

et al. 1986

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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Summary.Using antisera to urotensins I and II (UI and UII), in the carp, Cyprinus carpio, three types of caudal neurosecretory neurons were identified: those with both UI-and UIIimmunoreactivities, those with only UI-immunoreactivity and those with only UII-immunoreactivity.The last type of neurons exceeded the other types in number, while neurons immunoreactive with both UI and UII antisera were relatively few.The axons of neurons of these three types terminated around the capillaries in the urophysis. In the cat shark, Heterodontus japonicus and the swell shark, Cephaloscyllium umbratile, two types of neurons were identified: those with both UI-and UII-immunoreactivities and those with only UII-immunoreactivity.Neurons of the former type were greater in number than the latter. The axons of neurons of both types terminated in the neurohemal areas.

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Urotensin II-immunoreactive neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system of freshwater and seawater fish

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of urotensin II-alpha and -gamma

Immunohistochemical localization of urotensins I and II in the caudal neurosecretory neurons of the carp Cyprinus carpio and the sharks Heterodontus japonicus and Cephaloscyllium umbratile.

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