US Dietary Shifts and the Associated CO2 Emissions from Farm Energy Use

Rehkamp, Sarah; Azzam, Azzeddine; Gustafson, Christopher R.

doi:10.18848/2160-1933/cgp/v07i02/11-22

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Yet others rely on self-reported food and beverage intake in household budget surveys (27) , national statistics on basic food ingredients (sweeteners and oils) and primary (unprocessed) foods reported in FBS, or both (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) . Studies that examine the environmental consequences of the Western diet also rely largely on national statistics like FBS (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) .…”

Section: Characterising the Western Dietary Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the world converging to a ‘Western diet’?

Azzam

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To test the nutrition transition hypothesis of global dietary convergence to a ‘Western diet’. Design: Consumer-waste-adjusted FAO Food Balance Sheets are used to construct for each country a Western Diet Similarity Index (WSI), expressed as a ratio of calories from animal-sourced foods, oils, fats and sweeteners to total per capita calories. β-Convergence and associated speed are estimated by growth regressions using 1992–2013 panel data. Speed of convergence, a non-linear function of income per capita, globalisation and urbanisation, determines the steady-state or long-term global WSI. The long-term global WSI is compared with the WSI of the group of countries with the highest population-weighted average WSI. The group, determined by K-means cluster analysis, consists of sixteen Western countries. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Not applicable. Results: Strong evidence of global dietary convergence at a speed driven by income per capita, globalisation and urbanisation with a long-term WSI of 38 %. When compared with the WSI of Western countries (68 %), the hypothesis of global dietary convergence to a Western diet is rejected. Conclusions: The nutrition transition is acting in two opposing directions. Some countries experienced positive and others negative WSI growth, slowing down the transition to a Western diet in the long run. Policies to further slowdown the transition by some countries to unhealthier dietary patterns are as important as policies to further speed up the transition by other countries to healthier ones.

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Section: Characterising the Western Dietary Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the world converging to a ‘Western diet’?

Azzam

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Dietary choices are an important contributing factor to food system GHGE, and they have been the focus of a number of studies-for example, Heller et al, in a literature review, found 48 studies examining the environmental impacts of different dietary patterns between 1998 and 2013 [8]. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies in particular indicate that dietary choices can greatly affect GHGE at various scales [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Animal-based food products require significantly more carbon, energy, and water for production than fruits, vegetables, and grains [7,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Vegetables in Large-, Mid-, and Small-Scale Food Systems in the Midwest US

et al. 2021

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Although vegetables are important for healthy diets, there are concerns about the sustainability of food systems that provide them. For example, half of fresh-market vegetables sold in the United States (US) are produced in California, leading to negative impacts associated with transportation. In Iowa, the focus of this study, 90% of food is imported from outside the state. Previous life cycle assessment (LCA) studies indicate that food consumption patterns affect global warming potential (GWP), with animal products having more negative impacts than vegetables. However, studies focused on how GWP, energy, and water use vary between food systems and vegetable types are less common. The purpose of this study was to examine these environmental impacts to inform decisions to buy locally or grow vegetables in the Midwest. We used a life cycle approach to examine three food systems (large-, mid-, and small-scale) and 18 vegetables commonly grown in/near Des Moines, Iowa. We found differences in GWP, energy, and water use (p ≤ 0.001 for each) for the three food systems with the large-scale scenario producing more emissions. There were also differences among vegetables, with the highest GWP for romaine lettuce (1.92 CO2eq/kg vegetable) approximately three times that of leaf lettuce (0.65 CO2eq/kg vegetable) at the large scale. Hotspots and tradeoffs between GWP, energy, and water use were also identified and could inform vegetable production/consumption based on carbon and water use footprints for the US Midwest.

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“…Dietary choices are an important contributing factor to food system GHGE, and they have been the focus of a number of studies-for example, Heller et al, in a literature review, found 48 studies examining the environmental impacts of different dietary patterns between 1998 and 2013 [8]. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies in particular indicate that dietary choices can greatly affect GHGE at various scales [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Animal-based food products require significantly more energy, carbon, and water for production than fruits, vegetables, and grains [7,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a more sustainable food system: Environmental and social impacts of increasing table food production near cities in the Midwest United States

Stone

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US Dietary Shifts and the Associated CO2 Emissions from Farm Energy Use

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Is the world converging to a ‘Western diet’?

Is the world converging to a ‘Western diet’?

A Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Vegetables in Large-, Mid-, and Small-Scale Food Systems in the Midwest US

Toward a more sustainable food system: Environmental and social impacts of increasing table food production near cities in the Midwest United States

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