Use of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) as organic catalyst in organic synthesis

Jain, Sonika; Dwivedi, Jaya; Jain, Pankaj; Kishore, Dharma

doi:10.1080/00397911.2016.1192651

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…49 The C-Cl bonds can be replaced with C-P, C-O, C-N, and C-S linkages employing Ullmann coupling, 50 Beckmann rearrangement, Biginelli reaction, Friedlander annulations, Ferrier rearrangement, Mannich reaction, Sonogashira coupling, and Swern oxidation. 51 Use of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT, cyanuric chloride) as a catalyst to achieve C-N bond, C-C coupling, coupling of b-ketoester, and b-amino ketones is considered as a possible alternative. 52,53 Currently, the green synthetic methodology that employs an organic dye as a photocatalyst in acetic acid medium and under microwave irradiation is one of the useful approaches to carry out synthesis of striazine.…”

Section: General Synthetic Methodologies For S-triazine Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in s-triazine holding phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant materials

Mishra

Vasava

2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Flame retardants are chemical compounds when mixed or incorporated in to polymers provide varying degrees of flammability protection. Flammable polymeric materials are ubiquitous with a wide array of applications. However, recent studies have shown potential environmental and health concerns with certain halogen-containing flame retardants. Thus, it has now become a necessity to explore new and effective materials that are safer and environmentally benign. In this context, halogen-free phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing flame retardants have attracted much attention worldwide. Moreover, s-triazine is the central focus because of its excellent charring effect. General strategies for synthesizing s-triazine compounds mostly via nucleophilic substitution reaction have been highlighted. This review provides a comprehensive description on design and synthesis of flame-retardant materials with significant flammability performance.

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Section: General Synthetic Methodologies For S-triazine Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in s-triazine holding phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant materials

Mishra

Vasava

2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…This review aims to illustrate the ingenuity and imaginative breadth of the chemists in this direction by presenting a showcase of research of the past several years to bring to the fore the synthesis of TCT derivatives through the ecologically friendly processes using microwave irradiation and ultrasound to enable the reactions to take place in short reaction time either without solvent or with the minimum use of solvent. In this compilation, we have tried to demonstrate some representative examples of applying green approaches through microwave irradiation and reactions devised in solvent‐free conditions to the preparation of symmetrical triazines and their derivatives [17–20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener approach toward synthesis of biologically active s‐Triazine (TCT) derivatives: A recent update

Panchal

Jain

et al. 2021

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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The greener methodology to synthesize s‐triazine derivatives (also known as TCT) is described, including synthesis through microwave, ultrasound, and solvent‐free conditions. This review mainly focuses on reactions of TCT (2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine) with various substituents having amine and hydroxy functionalities to give corresponding triazine derivatives under a greener approach. The results of reactions indicate that, unlike classical methods, green methods result in better yields of the product, through a rapid reaction, under mild reaction conditions, and by easy workup procedures.

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“…Additionally, the production and demand of caprolactam is increasing rapidly every year, resulting in the overproduction of ammonium sulfate . Therefore, several new caprolactam technologies with less or non-(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 byproduct have been investigated and brought forward, such as vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement over solid catalysts − and the liquid-phase Beckmann rearrangement over solid − or organic catalysts. − Unfortunately, very few industrial applications have been reported about these technologies, due to the practical problems including serious catalyst deactivation, poor catalytic efficiency, low selectivity, etc. A different solution recycling NH 3 from ammonium sulfate had been proposed to eliminate the overcapacity of ammonium sulfate, as shown in Figure…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Modeling of CaSO₄–(NH₄)₂SO₄–NH₃–H₂O Quaternary System with Asymmetric E-NRTL Model

Pan

Liu

Qin

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ], an undesired byproduct in the caprolactam process, can be converted into recyclable NH 3 by the substitution reaction with lime milk to reduce the ammonia consumption and produce high-quality gypsum. However, the thermodynamic mechanism of this process has not been clarified, which results in the unpredictable crystal phase of calcium sulfate products. In this work, a thermodynamic model for the CaSO 4 −(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 −NH 3 −H 2 O quaternary system with the asymmetric E-NRTL activity coefficient model was developed to understand the thermodynamic behavior. The modeling works involved the data fitting of binary solubility, osmotic coefficient, enthalpy of solution, and heat capacity data as well as ternary solubility data. It was shown that the model could predict the solubility of ammonia and calcium sulfate in aqueous ammonium sulfate solution with temperature ranging from 0 to 160 °C and pressure up to 1.0 MPa. Furthermore, the constructed model for the quaternary system was proved to be reliable for predicting the phase transition behavior of solid CaSO 4 in the electrolyte mixtures of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 −NH 3 −H 2 O solution. For the regeneration process of NH 3 from ammonium sulfate, this work will offer a reliable model for the reactors design and process optimization.

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Use of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) as organic catalyst in organic synthesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Recent developments in s-triazine holding phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant materials

Recent developments in s-triazine holding phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant materials

Greener approach toward synthesis of biologically active s‐Triazine (TCT) derivatives: A recent update

Thermodynamic Modeling of CaSO₄–(NH₄)₂SO₄–NH₃–H₂O Quaternary System with Asymmetric E-NRTL Model

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Use of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) as organic catalyst in organic synthesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Recent developments in s-triazine holding phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant materials

Recent developments in s-triazine holding phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant materials

Greener approach toward synthesis of biologically active s‐Triazine (TCT) derivatives: A recent update

Thermodynamic Modeling of CaSO4–(NH4)2SO4–NH3–H2O Quaternary System with Asymmetric E-NRTL Model

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Thermodynamic Modeling of CaSO₄–(NH₄)₂SO₄–NH₃–H₂O Quaternary System with Asymmetric E-NRTL Model