Use of 3D Body Scanning Technique for Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling in Clothing

Psikuta, Agnes; Frackiewicz-Kaczmarek, Joanna; Rossi, René M.

doi:10.15221/12.051

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The manikin was scanned nude and dressed with sample garments using the Artec MHT 3D body scanner (Artec Group, USA) as a part of the scanning system developed in an earlier study. 26 The experimentally determined accuracy of 3D scans was 0.6 mm 26 and proved the system to be reliable for investigation of the air gap thickness and the contact area in the magnitude relevant for thermal effects in clothing. 28 To obtain representative mean values of the air gap thickness and the contact area, the manikin was re-dressed and scanned six times.…”

Section: Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…To allow for random changes in garment drape, dressing of the manikin was followed each time by pulling hems of the garment gently downwards and letting the garment rest on the manikin for a few minutes before scanning. The scanning and post-processing methods were based on the procedures developed in the previous study 25,26 and resulted in determination of the air gap thickness and the contact area individually for the body regions shown in Figure 2. The air gap thickness and the contact area were derived as the average distance and percentage of area in direct contact, respectively, between super-imposed surfaces of the scans of the nude and dressed manikin.…”

Section: Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the highly accurate 3D body scanning and post-processing method developed in a previous study 26 to determine both parameters. Finally, the selection of the knitted (single jersey and interlock) and woven (plain weave) fabrics allowed the investigation of the relationship between fabric drape and garment fit and their effect on the sought parameters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of garment properties on air gap thickness and the contact area distribution

Frackiewicz-Kaczmarek

Psikuta

Bueno

et al. 2015

Textile Research Journal

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The heat and mass transfer in clothing is affected by the distribution of the air gap thickness and the contact area and this, in turn, results from the interaction between the geometrically complex shape of the human body, garment design, and fabric mechanical properties. In this study, the distribution of the air gap thickness and the contact area in typical shirts and undershirts were investigated using the three-dimensional scanning technique in relation to the garment style and fit, fabric properties, and body regions. This study showed that at the upper trunk the air gap thickness was unaffected by both the garment style and the fit, whereas the shape of the contact area was changed only by the fit. At the lower body the air gap thickness and the contact area changed proportionally with the increase of the ease allowances in the garments. As expected, larger air gaps were formed in shirts but larger contact areas were observed in undershirts. Consequently, results indicated the possibility of modeling the size of air layers in clothing by proper selection of the fabric type and ease allowances in clothing for a given body shape.Keywords air gap thickness, contact area, three-dimensional body scanning, heat and mass transfer in clothingThe thermal, evaporative, and wicking processes in a clothing system are related to the human thermoregulatory response under the given conditions and depend on the factors associated with the fabric properties and construction of the garment. The intensity of the heat and moisture transfer within the clothing ensemble results mainly from the temperature gradient and liquid concentration in the clothing system, which are influenced by the temporal and spatial change in the thickness of the air layers adjacent to the outer surface of the garment or enclosed in between clothing layers and between skin and clothing layers. In the steady-state conditions a layer of still air acts as a thermal insulator, better than textiles, owing to its lower thermal conductivity (e.g. thermal conductivity of air of 0.026 W/mÁK compared to leather and cotton of 0.060 and 0.159 W/mÁK, respectively 1 ). In the case that the air gap thickness exceeds about 8-13 mm, natural convection can take place that additionally intensifies heat and vapor exchange within the clothing system. 2 Furthermore, the direct exchange of moisture can occur provided that the surfaces of the skin and the clothing adjoin. Owing to the wicking effect, moisture can be distributed laterally over the larger area 3,4 and, hence, can effectively add to the heat loss from the skin by increased thermal conductivity of the fabric 5-7 and the evaporation of moisture from the clothing surface. Therefore, it is important to jointly consider the air gap thickness and the contact area for a realistic simulation of dry heat transfer, evaporation, condensation, sorption, and vapor and liquid moisture

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Section: Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of garment properties on air gap thickness and the contact area distribution

Frackiewicz-Kaczmarek

Psikuta

Bueno

et al. 2015

Textile Research Journal

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“…Since body scanners are utilized for acquisition of human body data researchers investigate their application in fitting processes [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The basis is before and after scans, thus test persons in underwear and in specific garments.…”

Section: Analyzing Shaping Effects With 3d-bodyscannermentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Foundation Garment s Shaping Effects

Klepser¹,

Hiss²,

Mahr-Erhardt³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2018 - 9th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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Fashion garments sculpt the human body according to the up-to-date style. Foundation garments used to be out of whalebone and stiff materials. Nowadays thin and light shapewear aims to smooth obvious subcutaneous fat. Material, pattern, fit and formability of the body tissue influence the effect of shapewear. Thus, it is not known how much or even if shaping garments effect the body form. Moreover, there is a lack of standardized methods to analyze shaping effects of foundation garments. Up to now research focused two paths to analyze the functionality of shaping garment. First was to quantify the pressure applied, second was to measure the body changes achieved by the products. Governmental funded research project "Shaping Effects" aims to combine and pursue the research approaches. Project term is two years starting from April 2017. Therefore, most of the work is ongoing. The following presents preliminary results. 41 shapewear products were tested with HOSY apparatus to measure pressure gradient. PicoPress device was utilized to determine pressure between garment and manikin or human body respectively. 3D-analysis based on before and after scans was performed to measure changes in body geometry. Two test subjects tested shaping garments so far. Test methods were processed successfully. First results underlined the influence of material properties, body geometry and body tissue on shaping effects.

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“…A method to visualize air gaps and contact area with the help of a 3D Body scanner was recently developed at Empa [1,2]. The development of this novel and accurate method opened a new horizon for clothing research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of 3D Body Scanning Technique to Investigate an Effect of Garment Design on Heat and Mass Transfer in Clothing

Psikuta¹,

Bohnet²,

Frackiewicz-Kaczmarek³

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Long Beach CA, USA, 19-20 November 2013

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The heat and mass transfer in clothing do not only depend on the properties of fabric but also on the variation of the thickness of air layers and the magnitude of the contact area. The garment design and the body geometry have major influence on the above-mentioned parameters. Thus, this project addressed the effect of the fit of sport garments for female and male body shapes. Different garment designs were developed and confectioned considering anatomical and physiological gender differences. Each garment was subjected to 3D scanning and analysis of air gap thickness and contact area by imposing 3D scans of the nude and dressed manikin and advanced post-processing in dedicated software. It was found that the distribution of contact area and thickness of air layers is similar for both male and female upper body except for the breast and lumbar area. The knowledge gained from this study could be used to improve and individualize functional garments and to help in design process of body-mapped garments.

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Use of 3D Body Scanning Technique for Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling in Clothing

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of garment properties on air gap thickness and the contact area distribution

Effect of garment properties on air gap thickness and the contact area distribution

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Foundation Garment s Shaping Effects

Use of 3D Body Scanning Technique to Investigate an Effect of Garment Design on Heat and Mass Transfer in Clothing

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