Use of a Clear Plastic Dome to Measure Gaseous Diffusion Rates in Natural Waters

Copeland, B. Jack; Duffer, William R.

doi:10.4319/lo.1964.9.4.0494

Cited by 72 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Analysis of the diel oxygen curves followed the procedure introduced by Odum (1956) and described by McDiffett et al (1972) and Owens (1974) . The gas exchange coefficient was calculated using both the stream morphology method (Owens, 1974) and the floating dome method (Copeland & Duffer, 1964) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of methods for measuring primary productivity and community respiration in streams

et al. 1978

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Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange procedures for measuring community metabolism (two open stream methods and three chamber methods) were compared on the same reach of a thirdorder stream . Open stream methods were complicated by high diffusion rates and yielded net community primary productivity estimates lower than those obtained with chamber methods . Chamber methods yielded variable productivity and respiration data . However, when normalized for chlorophyll a, productivity estimates from the chamber methods were within an expected range for the system . Balances of photosynthesis and respiration from the chamber methods were similar between methods and indicated that autotrophic or heterotrophic processes could dominate the system . Considerations in applying the various procedures are discussed .

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of methods for measuring primary productivity and community respiration in streams

et al. 1978

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“…Observations of O2 and temperature were made at the surface and 0.5 m depth at 3 stations (the end of each sampling pier) in each pond at dawn and at dusk for 2 consecutive days 7 times during the summer. Changes in O2 were corrected for oxygen transfer across the airwater interface by measuring the rate of O2 diffusion from water underlying a floating acrylic dome with an N2-purged atmosphere (Copeland & Duffer 1964, Kemp & Boynton 1980. Changes in O2 from dawn to dusk and from dusk to dawn were taken to represent apparent production and night respiration, respectively, of the community.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient enrichment of estuarine submersed vascular plant communities. 1. Algal growth and effects on production of plants and associated communities

Rr¹,

Kemp²,

Staver³

et al. 1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

200

117

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Eight experimental ponds containing submersed vascular plants (predominantly Potamogeton perfoliatus and Ruppja maritirna) were subjected in duplicate to 4 levels (including controls) of fertilization from June to August 1981. Seston and phytoplankton chlorophyll a increased with fertilization, and pronounced algal blooms were evident under high dosage. Of the total seston. phytoplankton exerted the greatest influence on attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), such that there was insufficient light for submersed vascular plant growth at the sediment surface during bloonls. An extensive epiphytic community developed on plants in all nutrient-treated ponds at densities similar to those observed in nature on senescent plants. At high nutrient treatments the accumulation of epiphytic material resulted in > 80 % attenuation of the incident radiation at the leaf surface. Biomass of submersed macrophytes decreased significantly under high and medium nutrient treatments compared to control and low treatments within 60 d following initial fertilization. Apparent production of vascular plants (based on oxygen production and I4C-bicarbonate uptake) was reduced at the higher nutrient treatments for both R. maritirna and P. perfoliatus. Most of this reduction in macrophyte photosynthesis could be explained by attenuation of PAR associated with epiphytic material. However, without PAR attenuance in the overlying water, observed levels of epiphytic growth would be insufficient to reduce light below compensation levels needed to sustain vascular plant growth. At the high fertilization rates, integrated primary production of pond communities was significantly reduced with the loss of the vascular plants, even though phytoplankton and epiphytic growth were enhanced.

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“…These studies used a stagnant boundary layer model of oxygen exchange and assumed a constant boundary layer thickness. Lehman and Naumoski (1986) assumed a boundary layer of 200 p for a lake in Michigan, while Copeland and Duffer (1964) assumed a boundary layer of 32 p for a river in Oklahoma; the latter is also close to the boundary layer assumed by Kemp and Boynton (1980) for Chesapeake Bay. An assumed constant boundary layer of 200 p for the Hudson River decreases our respiration estimate by atmosphere by using the best fit linear relationship between transfer velocity (k) and wind speed (Fig.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analyses Of Respiration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem respiration and organic carbon processing in a large, tidally influenced river: the Hudson River

et al. 1992

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Abstract. We estimated whole-ecosystem rates of respiration over a 40-km stretch of the tidally influenced freshwater Hudson River every 2 to 3 weeks from May through November. We measured in situ concentrations of oxygen over depth at dusk and dawn at 10 stations spaced over this interval. The use of multiple stations allowed for the consideration of the influence of tidal advection of water masses. Respiration was estimated from the decrease in oxygen overnight with a correction for diffusive exchange of oxygen with the atmosphere. We estimated this flux of oxygen to or from the atmosphere using the measured oxygen gradient and a transfer velocity model which is a function of wind velocity.Integration of the data for the period of May through November yields an estimate of whole-ecosystem respiration of 591 g C m-2 (S.E. -66). That the standard error of this estimate is relatively low (11% of the estimate) indicates that the use of multiple stations adequately deals with error introduced through the advection of water between stations. The logarithm of average daily respiration rate was correlated with average daily temperature (p = 0.007; r2 = 0.62). We used this temperature-respiration relationship to derive an estimate of the annual respiration rate of 755 g C m-2 yr-' (S.E. = 72). This estimate is moderately sensitive to the estimated flux of oxygen between the atmosphere and water; using the lower and upper 95% confidence limits i f our model relating the transfer velocity of oxygen to wind speed gives a range of annual respiration estimates from 665 g C m-2 yr-' to 984 g C m-2 yr-I. The river is strongly heterotrophic, with most respiration driven by allochthonous inputs of organic matter from terrestrial ecosystems. The majority of the allochthonous inputs to the river (over 60%) are apparently metabolized within the river. Any change in allochthonous inputs due to changes in land use or climate patterns would be expected to alter the oxygen dynamics and energy flow within this tidally influenced river.

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Use of a Clear Plastic Dome to Measure Gaseous Diffusion Rates in Natural Waters

Cited by 72 publications

References 4 publications

A comparison of methods for measuring primary productivity and community respiration in streams

A comparison of methods for measuring primary productivity and community respiration in streams

Nutrient enrichment of estuarine submersed vascular plant communities. 1. Algal growth and effects on production of plants and associated communities

Ecosystem respiration and organic carbon processing in a large, tidally influenced river: the Hudson River

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