Use of a Mycobacterial Cell Wall Extract (MCWE) in Susceptible Mares to Clear Experimentally Induced Endometritis With Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Rogan, D.; Fumuso, E.; Rodríguez, Edgardo; Wade, J.; Bruni, Sergio Fabian Sanchez

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2007.01.010

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, there is evidence that judicious use of steroids or immunomodulators may increase pregnancy rates in mares with fluid accumulation or uterine inflammation (Fumuso et al. 2003, 2007; Rogan et al. 2007; Rohrbach et al.…”

Section: Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical and Subclinical Endometritis in the Mare: Both Threats to Fertility

LeBlanc

Causey

2009

Reprod Domestic Animals

229

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endometritis, a major cause of mare infertility arising from failure to remove bacteria, spermatozoa and inflammatory exudate post-breeding, is often undiagnosed. Defects in genital anatomy, myometrial contractions, lymphatic drainage, mucociliary clearance, cervical function, plus vascular degeneration and inflamm-ageing underlie susceptibility to endometritis. Diagnosis is made through detecting uterine fluid, vaginitis, vaginal discharge, short inter-oestrous intervals, inflammatory uterine cytology and positive uterine culture. However, these signs may be absent in subclinical cases. Hypersecretion of an irritating, watery, neutrophilic exudate underlies classic, easy-to-detect streptococcal endometritis. In contrast, biofilm production, tenacious exudate and focal infection may characterize subclinical endometritis, commonly caused by Gram-negative organisms, fungi and staphylococci. Signs of subclinical endometritis include excessive oedema post-mating and a white line between endometrial folds on ultrasound. In addition, cultures of uterine biopsy tissue or of small volume uterine lavage are twice as sensitive as guarded swabs in detecting Gram-negative organisms, while uterine cytology is twice as sensitive as culture in detecting endometritis. Uterine biopsy may detect deep inflammatory and degenerative changes, such as disruption of the elastic fibres of uterine vessels (elastosis), while endoscopy reveals focal lesions invisible on ultrasound. Mares with subclinical endometritis require careful monitoring by ultrasound post-breeding. Treatments that may be added to traditional therapies, such as post-breeding uterine lavage, oxytocin and intrauterine antibiotics, include lavage 1-h before mating, carbetocin, cloprostenol, cervical dilators, systemic antibiotics, intrauterine chelators (EDTA-Tris), mucolytics (DMSO, kerosene, N-acetylcysteine), corticosteroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone) and immunomodulators (cell wall extracts of Mycobacterium phlei and Propionibacterium acnes).

show abstract

Section: Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that this immunomodulator modulates the immune response of susceptible mares (Fumuso et al. 2003, 2007) and that mares with experimentally induced bacterial endometritis cleared inflammation more rapidly after treatment with MCWE compared with that in untreated mares (Rogan et al. 2007).…”

Section: Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Subclinical Endometritis in the Mare: Both Threats to Fertility

LeBlanc

Causey

2009

Reprod Domestic Animals

229

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to the immune suppressing actions of glucocorticoids, mycobacterial cell wall extract (MCWE) is thought to stimulate the immune response to reduce persistent inflammation. In mares, treatment with MCWE decreased the incidence of endometritis after challenge with Streptococcus zooepidemicus [18], and increased pregnancy rates in mares bred during their foal heat cycle [19]. In addition, MCWE was shown to decrease levels of proinflammatory cytokines in susceptible mares towards levels of resistant mares 24 h after breeding [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of treatment with immune modulators on endometrial cytokine expression in mares susceptible to persistent breeding‐induced endometritis

Woodward

Christoffersen

Horohov

et al. 2014

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study did however, not consider the effect of stallion fertility and the cause of endometritis. In a recent study, Rogan et al (2007) found that mares with experimentally induced bacterial endometritis cleared the inflammation more rapidly after treatment with MCWE, compared to untreated mares. These results are interesting, and warrant further research on the mechanism by which a modification of the immune system may help resolving breeding-induced inflammation in susceptible mares.…”

Section: Breeding Management and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Persistent breeding-induced endometritis

Troedsson¹,

Desvousges²,

Macpherson³

et al. 2008

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pferdeheilkunde 24 56 IntroductionIn the past, endometritis was believed to exclusively be the result of bacterial contamination of the uterus (Asbury and Lyle 1993). Treatment strategies were focused on preventing bacteria from entering the uterus, and/or administration of antibiotics. Hughes and Loy (1969) demonstrated that young reproductively sound mares had natural resistance to an experimentally induced infection. They concluded that local components of uterine defense were responsible for the effective and rapid clearance of bacteria in mares with natural resistance to uterine infection. Mares that failed to spontaneously clear the uterus from bacteria were classified as susceptible to persistent endometritis. Subsequent research on uterine defense mechanisms has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of equine endometritis. Causative agents have been identified, and we have learned to distinguish between uterine infection and a physiological breeding-induced endometritis resulting from uterine exposure to semen (Troedsson et al. 1995a, Troedsson 1999. Additionally, more effective management and treatment protocols have reduced the effect of endometritis on fertility. However, endometritis remains a major clinical problem in brood mare practice. The reasons for this may be that effective management/treatment of "susceptible" mares have resulted in maintaining these mares within our brood mare population, possibly also affecting the gene pool. Breeding-induced endometritisIntrauterine deposition of equine semen causes an inflammatory reaction resulting from spermatozoa (Kotilainen et al. SummaryBreeding-induced endometritis is a physiological reaction to semen. It is an important part of normal sperm transport to the oviduct as well as elimination of excess sperm from the uterus. In 10-15% of brood mares, the normal clearance mechanism fails resulting in a persistent breeding-induced endometritis with severe consequences on fertility. The cause of persistent breeding-induce endometritis is believed to be impaired myometrial activity in response to uterine inflammation. However, disruption of normal breeding activities may also contribute to the condition. Social interaction with a stallion appears to be important to normal uterine contractility after breeding. The presence of seminal plasma in an inseminate has also been shown to be of importance to normal sperm transport and elimination from the female tract, as well as in the modulation of the breeding-induced inflammation. Treatment of persistent breeding-induced endometritis has been focused on assisting the uterus to clear the inflammation in a timely fashion. Post-breeding treatments with oxytocin or prostaglandins and/or uterine lavage at 6-24 hours after breeding have been used by practitioners with good success. Alternative treatments such as the use of corticosteroids, immunostimulants, and acupuncture have recently been suggested to improve uterine clearance and fertility in mares that are susceptible to persistent breeding-induced ...

show abstract

Use of a Mycobacterial Cell Wall Extract (MCWE) in Susceptible Mares to Clear Experimentally Induced Endometritis With Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Clinical and Subclinical Endometritis in the Mare: Both Threats to Fertility

Clinical and Subclinical Endometritis in the Mare: Both Threats to Fertility

The effect of treatment with immune modulators on endometrial cytokine expression in mares susceptible to persistent breeding‐induced endometritis

Persistent breeding-induced endometritis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About