Use of a Survey to Assess the Environmental Exposure and Family Perception to Lead in Children (&lt;6 Years) in Four Valley Cities, Northwestern China

Sun, Xuefeng; Li, Xiaoping; Liu, Dongying; Yang, Tao; Zhao, Yanan; Wu, Ting; Cai, Yue; Ai, Yuwei; Zhang, Xu; Wang, Jiwen; Yang, Rui; Yu, Hongtao; Mielke, Howard W.

doi:10.3390/ijerph15040740

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…This study revealed the geographical differences of blood Pb levels in patients who visited hospitals, which could partially represent general population in China [1, 17]. Systematic review of published papers illustrated that, of 24 provinces, or regions, only 4 provinces (Hunan, Guangdong, Gansu, Jiangxi) showed a trend of increased mean blood Pb levels, and the prevalence of Pb poisoning [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of disease profile, and medical burden by lead exposure from hospital information systems in China

et al. 2019

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Background Though lead (Pb)-gasoline has been banned for decades in China, Pb continues to be a vital risk factor for various diseases. Traditional studies, without large sample size, were unable to identify explicitly the associations among Pb, its disease profile, and the related medical burden. This study was designed to investigate: 1) current status of blood Pb levels; 2) Pb-associated disease profile, medical burden, as well as impact factors. Methods Research subjects were patients who visited military hospitals and were required to test their blood Pb levels by doctors between 2013 and 2017. The large sample size and area coverage may, to a large extent, reveal the characteristics of Pb exposure in the whole Chinese population. Information of patients’ electronic medical records was extracted using Structured Query Language (SQL) in Oracle database. The spatial, temporal, and population distribution of their blood Pb levels were tested, to illustrate the association of Pb exposure with diseases’ profile, and medical burden. Non-parametric tests were applied to compare the differences of Pb levels among various groups. Results The blood Pb concentration showed a positively skewed distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (D = 0.147, p < 0.01). The blood Pb concentration of Chinese patients was 28.36 μg/L, with the lowest blood Pb levels, 4.71 μg/L, found in patients from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and the highest, 50 μg/L, in Yunnan province. Han Chinese patients’ Pb levels were significantly lower than other minorities groups (z-score = − 38.54, p < 0.01). Average medical cost for Pb poisoning was about 6888 CNY for Chinese patients. Pb levels of patients with malignant neoplasm of lung, 45.34 μg/L, were far higher than malignant neoplasm of other respiratory, and intrathoracic organs, 24.00 μg/L (z-score = − 2.79, p < 0.01). Conclusions This study reported current status of blood Pb levels for patients who once visited military hospitals, partially representing the whole Chinese population. The result shows that Pb poisoning is still imposing marked economic burdens on patients under Pb exposure. Association of Pb with lung cancer may open up new areas for Pb-induced toxicology. The research strategy may advance toxicological studies in the aspect of medical data mining.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of disease profile, and medical burden by lead exposure from hospital information systems in China

et al. 2019

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Effects of combined administration of calcium, iron, zinc, chrysanthemum flavonoids, and DMSA on the treatment of lead intoxication in mice

Tang

Honglei

Wang

et al. 2019

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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The effect of combined administration of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chrysanthemum flavonoids, and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on the treatment of lead (Pb) intoxication in mice was studied. One hundred ninety female mice (SPF level, aged 18-22 days) were randomly divided into two groups as experimental animals. Mice in group I (10 mice) served as normal control animals, and were administered deionized water containing 12.5 μL/L acetate acid for 6 weeks, whereas mice in group II (180 mice) were exposed to 0.1% (wt/vol) of lead acetate in deionized water for 6 weeks and served as experimental animals. After 6 weeks of successful modeling, 180 mice from group II (lead-exposed) were divided into 18 groups of 10 mice each, 16 of which were treated by the combined administration of Ca, Fe, Zn, chrysanthemum flavonoids, and DMSA by L 16 (2 15 ) orthogonal design. The remaining two groups were given treatment with low and high doses of DMSA, respectively. After three weeks of intervention (ig), the optimal treatment group was identified according to its blood lead level, as well as some antioxidant indices in the blood, liver, and hippocampus. The results indicated that the combined administration of Fe, Zn, chrysanthemum flavonoids, and DMSA with low dosage had the most significant effect on increasing the activities of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic SOD and hippocampus nitric oxide synthase while decreasing the blood lead level, the content of hepatic malondialdehyde and hippocampus nitric oxide; this was considered the optimal treatment group. There was no difference in the level of blood hemoglobin between the optimal treatment group and the model control group (the first group of the orthogonal experiment). The activities of blood glutathione (GSH), hepatic GSH and glutathione peroxidase of the optimal treatment group were the same as other groups', and the recovery of the related indexes in the optimal effect group closely resembled the high dosage DMSA group. It can be concluded that the coadministration of Fe, Zn, and chrysanthemum flavonoids along with a low-dose DMSA effectively reduces Pb poisoning and lead-induced oxidative damage in lead-exposed mice; the result may provide a theoretical reference for the treatment of Pb poisoning. K E Y W O R D S chrysanthemum flavonoids, combined treatment effect, DMSA, nutrients, Pb poisoning

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In vitro bioaccessibility of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in Baoji urban soil (NW China) from different functional areas and its implication for health risk assessment

Gao

et al. 2018

Environ Geochem Health

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Use of a Survey to Assess the Environmental Exposure and Family Perception to Lead in Children (<6 Years) in Four Valley Cities, Northwestern China

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Analysis of disease profile, and medical burden by lead exposure from hospital information systems in China

Analysis of disease profile, and medical burden by lead exposure from hospital information systems in China

Effects of combined administration of calcium, iron, zinc, chrysanthemum flavonoids, and DMSA on the treatment of lead intoxication in mice

In vitro bioaccessibility of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in Baoji urban soil (NW China) from different functional areas and its implication for health risk assessment

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