Use of allied‐health services and medication among adults with <scp>ASD</scp> in Latin America

Torres, Andy; Lecusay, Denise; Valdez, Daniel; Rosoli, Analia; Garrido, Gabriela; Cukier, Sebastián; Paula, Cristiane Silvestre de; Garcı́a, Ricardo; Rattazzi, Alexia; Montiel-Nava, Cecilia

doi:10.1002/aur.2583

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Prior to the pandemic, in a study of six Latin American countries, 19% of children and adolescents with autism had failed to receive any kind of service during their lifetime (Montiel-Nava et al, 2020). Complementing this study, Torres et al (2021) found that 84.4-95.9% of adults were receiving zero hours per week. When these disparities are compounded by a global crisis of the magnitude of COVID-19, it compromises the continuation of services for this highly vulnerable population (Pellicano & Stears, 2020) and there is a risk of exponentially increasing inequities in access to services for people with autism in Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Repercussions of the COVID-19 lockdown for autistic people in Mexico: The caregivers’ perspective

Liz¹,

Torres

Ramírez

et al. 2022

Salud Ment

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Introduction. The COVID-19 lockdown has posed new challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including service suspension and reductions in support. Objective. To explore the perspectives of caregivers on the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on people with ASD in Mexico. Method. 126 caregivers from Mexico completed a survey on the impact of lockdown on people with ASD. Results. Suspension of at least one service was reported for 38.9% of subjects, with no significant association being found between symptom worsening and service administration modality. Discussion and conclusion. Service suspension for people with ASD in Mexico has been a side effect of the pandemic, negatively impacting their behavior. Results indicate that certain services could be remotely maintained and provided to individuals with ASD in underserved areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Repercussions of the COVID-19 lockdown for autistic people in Mexico: The caregivers’ perspective

Liz¹,

Torres

Ramírez

et al. 2022

Salud Ment

Self Cite

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“…Demographic and socio-economic variables were included. The age groups were 1-5 years, 6-11 years, 12-17 years, 18-25 years, 26 years and over, referring to the previous studies (Malik-Soni et al, 2022;Torres et al, 2021).The sex included male and female. The ASD types were AD; AS; PDD-NOS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical service utilization and costs of autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from hospital records in Beijing, China

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2023

Autism Research

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As more and more people are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is necessary to better understand their costs. Detailed information on medical service utilization and costs could aid in designing equitable, effective policies to support individuals with ASD and their families. In this retrospective analysis, individuals with a hospital encounter (outpatient visit or inpatient admission) were collected from Beijing Municipal Health Big Data and Policy Research Center (BMHBD), from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. We analyzed the costs, hospital visits/admissions and their changing trends over 5 years. Poisson regression and logit regression were conducted to analyze the influencing factors of visits, admissions and costs. The study population consisted of 26,826 users of medical services (26,583 outpatients and 243 inpatients; mean age: 4.82 ± 3.47 years for outpatients; 11.62 ± 6.74 years for inpatients). 99.1% were outpatients

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“…The survey used different questions to inquire about the child’s language and symptom severity. Complete information on the development and properties of the survey is given in the works of Torres et al (2021), Paula et al (2020), and Montiel-Nava et al (2020).…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of autism diagnosis in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Montiel-Nava

Montenegro

Ramírez

et al. 2023

Autism

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An earlier diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder might lead to an earlier intervention, yet knowledge and awareness of autism spectrum disorder in Latin America and Caribbean Countries are limited. A later autism spectrum disorder diagnosis has been associated with negative consequences, as it might imply later access to services. This study aims to identify factors associated with the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis as reported by 2520 caregivers of autistic children from six Latin America and Caribbean Countries. Results indicate that on average, caregivers were concerned about their child’s development by 22 months of age; however, the diagnosis was 24 months later. Current age of autistic individuals, better language abilities, and having public health coverage increased the age of diagnosis. On the contrary, the presence of medical comorbidities, severity level, and type of diagnosis decreased the age of diagnosis. The age of diagnosis of autistic individuals in Latin America and Caribbean Countries corresponded to the start of formal schooling despite a much earlier age of first noticed developmental concern, highlighting the need to reduce this age gap and increase children’s probability of benefiting from early intervention. Taken together, autism spectrum disorder personal/clinical characteristics and access to health service are the main determinants for the age of diagnosis. Lay abstract An earlier diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder might lead to earlier intervention. However, people living in Latin American and Caribbean countries do not have much knowledge about autism spectrum disorder symptoms. It has been suggested that the older a child is when diagnosed, the fewer opportunities he or she will have to receive services. We asked 2520 caregivers of autistic children in six different Latin America and Caribbean Countries, the child’s age when they noticed some developmental delays and their child’s age when they received their first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Results indicate that, on average, caregivers were concerned about their child’s development by 22 months of age; however, the diagnosis was received when the child was 46 months of age. In addition, older children with better language abilities and public health coverage (opposed to private health coverage) were diagnosed later. On the contrary, children with other medical problems and more severe behaviors received an earlier diagnosis. In our study, children were diagnosed around the time they entered formal schooling, delaying the access to early intervention programs. In summary, the characteristics of the autistic person and the type of health coverage influence the age of diagnosis in children living in Latin America and Caribbean Countries.

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Use of allied‐health services and medication among adults with ASD in Latin America

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Repercussions of the COVID-19 lockdown for autistic people in Mexico: The caregivers’ perspective

Repercussions of the COVID-19 lockdown for autistic people in Mexico: The caregivers’ perspective

Medical service utilization and costs of autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from hospital records in Beijing, China

Age of autism diagnosis in Latin American and Caribbean countries

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