Use of amplitude-modulated focused ultrasound for diagnosis of hearing disorders

Tsirulnikov, Efim M.; Vartanyan, I. A.; Gersuni, G.V.; Rosenblyum, A.S.; Pudov, V. I.; Гаврилов, Л. Р.

doi:10.1016/0301-5629(88)90093-2

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the ultrasound-induced temporal-average force has been implicated as a mechanism associated with tactile response (Gavrilov et al, 1977a,b;Gavrilov, 1984;Magee and Davies, 1993;Dalecki et al, 1995), auditory response (Foster and Wiederhold, 1978;Tsirulnikov et al, 1988), increased fetal activity (Arulkumaran et al, 1991(Arulkumaran et al, ,1996Fatemi et al, 2001), bone repair (Dyson and Brookes, 1983;Wang et al, 1994Wang et al, ,2001, cardiac changes in frogs (Dalecki et al, 1993(Dalecki et al, ,1997a, movement of detached retinas (Lizzi et al, 1978) and macroscopic streaming to differentiate between cystic and solid tumors (Stavros and Dennis, 1993;Nightingale et al, 1995). Other than those responses related to macrostreaming (Nyborg, 1953(Nyborg, ,1965, there is a limited association, possibly only speculative, between the response and radiation force.…”

Section: Radiation Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound–biophysics mechanisms

O’Brien

2007

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

609

416

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Ultrasonic biophysics is the study of mechanisms responsible for how ultrasound and biological materials interact. Ultrasound-induced bioeffect or risk studies focus on issues related to the effects of ultrasound on biological materials. On the other hand, when biological materials affect the ultrasonic wave, this can be viewed as the basis for diagnostic ultrasound. Thus, an understanding of the interaction of ultrasound with tissue provides the scientific basis for image production and risk assessment. Relative to the bioeffect or risk studies, that is, the biophysical mechanisms by which ultrasound affects biological materials, ultrasound-induced bioeffects are generally separated into thermal and nonthermal mechanisms. Ultrasonic dosimetry is concerned with the quantitative determination of ultrasonic energy interaction with biological materials. Whenever ultrasonic energy is propagated into an attenuating material such as tissue, the amplitude of the wave decreases with distance. This attenuation is due to either absorption or scattering. Absorption is a mechanism that represents that portion of ultrasonic wave that is converted into heat, and scattering can be thought of as that portion of the wave, which changes direction. Because the medium can absorb energy to produce heat, a temperature rise may occur as long as the rate of heat production is greater than the rate of heat removal. Current interest with thermally mediated ultrasound-induced bioeffects has focused on the thermal isoeffect concept. The non-thermal mechanism that has received the most attention is acoustically generated cavitation wherein ultrasonic energy by cavitation bubbles is concentrated. Acoustic cavitation, in a broad sense, refers to ultrasonically induced bubble activity occurring in a biological material that contains pre-existing gaseous inclusions. Cavitation-related mechanisms include radiation force, microstreaming, shock waves, free radicals, microjets and strain. It is more challenging to deduce the causes of mechanical effects in tissues that do not contain gas bodies. These ultrasonic biophysics mechanisms will be discussed in the context of diagnostic ultrasound exposure risk concerns.

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Section: Radiation Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound–biophysics mechanisms

O’Brien

2007

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

609

416

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“…Ultrasound has been reported to have effects on auditory (Foster and Wiederhold, 1978;Gavrilov et al, 1975Gavrilov et al, , 1980Siddiqi et al, 1988Siddiqi et al, , 1990Tsirulnikov et al, 1988), visual (Fry et al, 1958), and tactile (Gavrilov et al, 1977a(Gavrilov et al, , b, 1984a sensations. The tactile studies by Gavrilov et al used focused ultrasound to produce sensations of touch, temperature, and pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Foster and Weiderhold (1978) have reported the production of auditory nerve responses in cats as a result of radiation pressure transients on the brain tissue. Tsirulnikov et al (1988) demonstrated that focused ultrasound transmitted to the human head results in the subject hearing a tone, and attribute this phenomena, in part, to modulated radiation pressure transmitted to the inner ear. Mihran et al (1990) have shown that single pulses of ultrasound can modify the electrical excitability of frog sciatic nerve in vitro and have presented evidence that radiation pressure is the mechanism for these effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tactile perception of ultrasound

Dalecki

Child²,

Raeman³

et al. 1995

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

134

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In this investigation, acoustic radiation force was used as a stimulus to determine the threshold for tactile perception in the human finger and upper forearm as a function of frequency and pulse duration. Initially, a small (1.8-cm2) acoustically reflecting disk was affixed to the anatomical exposure site to maximize the delivered radiation force. Exposures were performed using a 2.2-MHz unfocused source modulated to produce square waves at 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 Hz. For the finger, maximum tactile sensitivity occurred at 200 Hz with a threshold radiation force of approximately 0.4 mN. For single pulses of 1 to 100 ms at 2.2 MHz, the threshold forces were an order of magnitude greater than for continuous exposure modulated at 200 Hz. Thresholds for pulse durations of 0.1 ms were somewhat greater than for pulses longer than 1 ms. Subsequently, thresholds of tactile perception were determined for direct exposure of the upper forearm (avoiding bone) to single pulses of 2.2-MHz ultrasound. Comparison of perception thresholds with and without a reflecting material over the tissue were consistent with the hypothesis that the tactile sensation experienced when tissue is exposed to ultrasound is its response to the radiation force associated with the transfer of momentum from the sound field to the tissue medium.

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“…The differences between the standard threshold audiograms and audiograms measured by means of focused ultrasound at different hearing dis eases were used as diagnostic criteria. The high effi ciency of this method for diagnosis of hearing loss has been demonstrated in hundreds of patients [65]. It was also shown that the method is useful for selecting patients for electrode prosthesis.…”

Section: Implementation Of Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 97%

Focused ultrasound as a tool to input sensory information to humans (Review)

Гаврилов

Tsirulnikov

2012

Acoust. Phys.

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This review is devoted to the analysis of studies and implementations related to the use of focused ultrasound for functional effects on neuroreceptor structures. Special attention was paid to the stimulation of neuroreceptor structures in order to input sensory information to humans. This branch of medical and phys iological acoustics appeared in Russia in the early 1970s and was being efficiently developed up to the late 1980s. Then, due to lack of financial support, only individual researchers remained at this field and, as a result, we have no full fledged theoretical research and practical implementations in this area yet. Many promising possibilities of using functional effects of focused ultrasound in medicine and physiology have remained unimplemented for a long time. However, new interesting ideas and approaches have appeared in recent years. Very recently, very questionable projects have been reported related to the use of ultrasound for targeted functional effects on the human brain performed in some laboratories. In this review, the stages of the development of scientific research devoted to the functional effects of focused ultrasound are described. By activating the neuroreceptor structures of the skin by means pulses of focused ultrasound, one can cause all the sensations perceived by human beings through the skin in everyday life, such as tactile sensations, ther mal (heat and cold), tickling, itching, and various types of pain. Stimulation of the ear labyrinth of humans with normal hearing using amplitude modulated ultrasound causes auditory sensations corresponding to an audio modulating signal (pure tones, music, speech, etc.). Activation of neuroreceptor structures by means of focused ultrasound is used for the diagnosis of various neurological and skin diseases, as well as hearing dis orders. It has been shown that the activation is related to the mechanical action of ultrasound, for example, by the radiation force, as well as to the direct action of ultrasonic vibrations on nerve fibers. The action of the radiation force is promising for the realization of the possibility of blind and even deaf and blind people to perceive text information on a display using tactile sensations caused by ultrasound. Very different methods of using ultrasound for local stimulation of neuroreceptor structures are discussed in this review. Among them are practical methods that have been already tested in a clinic, as well as pretending to be sensational methods that are hardly feasible in the foreseeable future.

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Use of amplitude-modulated focused ultrasound for diagnosis of hearing disorders

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Ultrasound–biophysics mechanisms

Ultrasound–biophysics mechanisms

Tactile perception of ultrasound

Focused ultrasound as a tool to input sensory information to humans (Review)

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