Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production

Schwarz, Štefan; Kehrenberg, Corinna; Walsh, Timothy R.

doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00297-7

Cited by 421 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Unlike in human medicine, antibiotics in food-producing animals are used for two different purposes: (a) prevention and control of bacterial infections and (b) growth promotion [63].…”

Section: Different Aims For the Use Of Antibiotics In Food-producing mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With such mass production, when a limited number of animals have been identified as infected, rapid treatment of all animals of the respective group/herd/ flock is necessary to prevent further extension of the infection. This is referred to as metaphylaxis [63]. In addition to these interventions, prophylaxis is a solely preventive measure, given individually or to groups of animals, which appears unavoidable under portant les gènes de résistance tels que les plasmides, les transposons ou les cassettes/intégrons, et leur mode de diffusion par conjugaison, mobilisation ou transduction sont présentés.…”

Section: Different Aims For the Use Of Antibiotics In Food-producing mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without these preventive treatments, subsequent clinical infections would occur more frequently and would require more therapeutic interventions for an efficient control. However, prophylactic application of antimicrobials is criticised for its possible involvement in the selection of resistant bacteria and the promotion of the spread of resistance genes [63].…”

Section: Different Aims For the Use Of Antibiotics In Food-producing mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance

2001

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-This review deals with the application of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production and the possible consequences arising from the widespread and multipurpose use of antimicrobials. The various mechanisms that bacteria have developed to escape the inhibitory effects of the antimicrobials most frequently used in the veterinary field are reported in detail. Resistance of bacteria to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics, β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol/florfenicol is described with regard to enzymatic inactivation, decreased intracellular drug accumulation and modification/protection/replacement of the target sites. In addition, basic information is given about mobile genetic elements which carry the respective resistance genes, such as plasmids, transposons, and gene cassettes/integrons, and their ways of spreading via conjugation, mobilisation, transduction, and transformation.antibiotic therapy / growth promotion / resistance mechanism / resistance gene / gene transfer Résumé -Utilisation d'agents antimicrobiens en médecine vétérinaire et mécanismes de résis-tance. Cette revue présente les différents buts pour lesquels les agents antimicrobiens sont utilisés en médecine vétérinaire, dans les élevages d'animaux entrant dans la chaîne alimentaire et les possibles conséquences de cette large utilisation. Une synthèse est faite des différents mécanismes de résis-tance développés par les bactéries, comme l'inactivation enzymatique, la diminution de la concentration intracellulaire de l'antibiotique, les modification/protection/déplacement de cible, qui permettent d'échapper à l'action des antibiotiques les plus fréquemment utilisés dans le domaine vétérinaire :

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“…Unlike in human medicine, antibiotics in food-producing animals are used for two different purposes: (a) prevention and control of bacterial infections and (b) growth promotion [63].…”

Section: Different Aims For the Use Of Antibiotics In Food-producing mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Aims For the Use Of Antibiotics In Food-producing mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Aims For the Use Of Antibiotics In Food-producing mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance

2001

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“…Zoonotic bacteria are able to colonize and cause infections in both humans and animals. As such, they may be subject to variable selective pressures as imposed by the use of antimicrobial agents in the different hosts [2]. In each host, zoonotic bacteria usually live in a polymicrobial environment, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the intestinal tract, where they can acquire various antimicrobial resistance genes from other bacteria. When zoonotic bacteria are transferred from an animal host to a human host by either direct/indirect contact or contaminated food, they may not only acquire new resistance genes from bacteria of the human host, but also pass their own resistance genes to indigenous bacteria of the human host [2]. Due to EU Zoonoses Directive 2003/99/EC [3] European Union member states are responsible for maintaining antimicrobial resistance monitoring systems for zoonotic bacteria with Salmonella enterica being one of the key pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative approach to analyse linkages between antimicrobial resistance properties inSalmonellaTyphimurium isolates

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYThis study used statistical methods to investigate linkages in phenotypic resistance profiles in a population sample of 321 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from sporadic salmonellosis cases in Lower Saxony, Germany, collected during 2008-2010. A resistance index was applied to calculate the conditional probability of resistance to one antimicrobial agent given the resistance to one or more other antimicrobial agent(s). A susceptibility index was defined analogously. A contingency plot, which visualizes the association between resistances to two antimicrobial agents, facilitated the interpretation. Linkages between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were analysed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and jittered scatter plots. Applying these methods provided a compact description of multi-resistance and linkages between resistance properties in large datasets. Moreover, this approach will improve monitoring of antimicrobial resistance dynamics of bacteria in human or animal populations by identifying linked resistance to antimicrobial agents (cross-or co-resistance) with a non-molecular method.

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Bioanalytical Screening Methods

Stead

Stark

2011

Chemical Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Food

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Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production

Cited by 421 publications

References 20 publications

Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance

Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance

A quantitative approach to analyse linkages between antimicrobial resistance properties inSalmonellaTyphimurium isolates

Bioanalytical Screening Methods

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